5.10
ब्रह्मण्याधाय कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा करोति यः ।
लिप्यते न स पापेन पद्मपत्रमिवाम्भसा ॥
brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ
lipyate na sa pāpena padmapatram ivāmbhasā
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The man who was not stained in 5.7 is now given the two moves he makes before he acts.
The verse
Who acts having placed his actions in brahman and having left attachment is not stained by evil, as a lotus leaf is not stained by water.
नेपालीमा
जसले कर्महरू ब्रह्ममा राखेर आसक्ति छाडेर कर्म गर्छ, त्यसलाई पापले दाग लाग्दैन, जसरी कमलको पातलाई पानीले दाग लाग्दैन।
Where it sits
The thought of 5.8 was "I do nothing." This verse says the same man does act, and it says where he puts the acts before he does them. In brahman, and off his own attachment. The leaf is the picture of a thing that lives in the water and does not take the water on.
Split: ब्रह्मणि + आधाय + कर्माणि + सङ्गम् + त्यक्त्वा + करोति + यः + लिप्यते + न + सः + पापेन + पद्म-पत्रम् + इव + अम्भसा
brahmaṇi + ādhāya + karmāṇi + saṅgam + tyaktvā + karoti + yaḥ + lipyate + na + saḥ + pāpena + padma-patram + iva + ambhasā
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ब्रह्मणि | brahmaṇi | locative singular of brahman (ब्रह्मन्) | in brahman. |
| आधाय | ādhāya | gerund of ā-dhā (आ-धा) | having placed. |
| कर्माणि | karmāṇi | accusative plural | actions. |
| सङ्गम् | saṅgam | accusative singular | attachment. |
| त्यक्त्वा | tyaktvā | gerund of tyaj (त्यज्) | having left. |
| करोति | karoti | present, 3rd singular | he does. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| लिप्यते | lipyate | present, 3rd singular | is stained. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. |
| पापेन | pāpena | instrumental singular | by evil. |
| पद्म-पत्रम् | padma-patram | nominative singular | a lotus leaf. |
| इव | iva | indeclinable | as. Like. |
| अम्भसा | ambhasā | instrumental singular of ambhas (अम्भस्) | by water. |
The phrases
brahmaṇi ādhāya karmāṇi (ब्रह्मणि आधाय कर्माणि) is the first move. Having placed his actions in brahman. saṅgam tyaktvā (सङ्गम् त्यक्त्वा) is the second. Having left attachment. karoti yaḥ (करोति यः) is the man who then acts. The relative yaḥ (यः) is late, and saḥ (सः) in the next line answers it.
lipyate na saḥ pāpena (लिप्यते न सः पापेन) is the result. He is not stained by evil. पद्मपत्रम् इव अम्भसा padmapatram iva ambhasā is the likeness: as a lotus leaf by water. The verb lipyate (लिप्यते) is shared. The leaf is nominative, parallel to saḥ (सः). The water is instrumental, parallel to pāpena (पापेन).
brahmaṇi ādhāya (ब्रह्मणि आधाय) is recited brahmaṇy ādhāya (ब्रह्मण्याधाय). saḥ pāpena (सः पापेन) is recited sa pāpena (स पापेन). iva ambhasā (इव अम्भसा) is recited ivāmbhasā (इवाम्भसा).
Sanskrit in this line
This verse has both gerunds. ādhāya (आधाय) is from ā-dhā (आ-धा), a verb with a prefix, so the ending is --ya (य). tyaktvā (त्यक्त्वा) is from tyaj (त्यज्), a verb with no prefix, so the ending is --tvā (त्वा). Same job, "having done," and the front of the verb chooses the ending. The j (ज्) of tyaj (त्यज्) hardens before the t (त्) of --tvā (त्वा), which is why the form is tyaktvā (त्यक्त्वा).
Say it back
Give the two "having" words, then the leaf and the water. If ādhāya (आधाय) and tyaktvā (त्यक्त्वा) come out as finite verbs with their own subjects, stay here. The subject is yaḥ (यः), the one who karoti (करोति).