5.11
कायेन मनसा बुद्ध्या केवलैरिन्द्रियैरपि ।
योगिनः कर्म कुर्वन्ति सङ्गं त्यक्त्वात्मशुद्धये ॥
kāyena manasā buddhyā kevalair indriyair api
yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātmaśuddhaye
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The one man of 5.10 becomes the yoginaḥ (योगिनः), and the instruments of their action are named.
The verse
Yogins do action with the body, the mind, the intellect, and the senses alone, having left attachment, for the cleansing of the self.
नेपालीमा
योगीहरू केवल शरीर, मन, बुद्धि र इन्द्रियले, आसक्ति छाडेर, आत्माको शुद्धिका लागि कर्म गर्छन्।
Where it sits
The acts of 5.8 and 5.9 are picked up again as instruments, and they are given a purpose. The purpose is the cleaning of the self. It is not a fruit waiting at the end of the battle. 5.12 will say what happens to the man who still wants the fruit.
Split: कायेन + मनसा + बुद्ध्या + केवलैः + इन्द्रियैः + अपि + योगिनः + कर्म + कुर्वन्ति + सङ्गम् + त्यक्त्वा + आत्म-शुद्धये
kāyena + manasā + buddhyā + kevalaiḥ + indriyaiḥ + api + yoginaḥ + karma + kurvanti + saṅgam + tyaktvā + ātma-śuddhaye
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| कायेन | kāyena | instrumental singular | with the body. |
| मनसा | manasā | instrumental singular of manas (मनस्) | with the mind. |
| बुद्ध्या | buddhyā | instrumental singular of buddhi (बुद्धि) | with the intellect. |
| केवलैः | kevalaiḥ | instrumental plural | with mere. Alone. |
| इन्द्रियैः | indriyaiḥ | instrumental plural | with the senses. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | also. |
| योगिनः | yoginaḥ | nominative plural of yogin (योगिन्) | yogins. |
| कर्म | karma | accusative singular of karman (कर्मन्) | action. |
| कुर्वन्ति | kurvanti | present, 3rd plural | they do. |
| सङ्गम् | saṅgam | accusative singular | attachment. |
| त्यक्त्वा | tyaktvā | gerund | having left. |
| आत्म-शुद्धये | ātma-śuddhaye | dative singular | for the cleansing of the self. |
The phrases
kāyena manasā buddhyā (कायेन मनसा बुद्ध्या) are three instruments: body, mind, intellect. kevalaiḥ indriyaiḥ api (केवलैः इन्द्रियैः अपि) adds a fourth, the senses by themselves. kevalaiḥ (केवलैः) agrees with indriyaiḥ (इन्द्रियैः). The senses too, and only the senses, with no extra claim attached.
yoginaḥ karma kurvanti (योगिनः कर्म कुर्वन्ति) is the main clause. They do action. saṅgam tyaktvā (सङ्गम् त्यक्त्वा) is the same leaving as in 5.10. ātmaśuddhaye (आत्मशुद्धये) is what the action is for.
kevalaiḥ indriyaiḥ api (केवलैः इन्द्रियैः अपि) is recited kevalair indriyair api (केवलैरिन्द्रियैरपि). tyaktvā ātmaśuddhaye (त्यक्त्वा आत्मशुद्धये) is recited tyaktvātmaśuddhaye (त्यक्त्वात्मशुद्धये).
Sanskrit in this line
ātmaśuddhaye (आत्मशुद्धये) is dative singular. The dative answers "for." śuddhaye (शुद्धये) is "for cleansing," and ātma (आत्म) at the front says whose cleansing. The instruments are "with." The purpose is "for." The verse keeps them in different cases so the body is not mistaken for the goal.
Say it back
List the instruments, then the purpose. If ātmaśuddhaye (आत्मशुद्धये) comes out as "by the self," the dative has been heard as an instrumental. Stay here.