5.18
विद्याविनयसम्पन्ने ब्राह्मणे गवि हस्तिनि ।
शुनि चैव श्वपाके च पण्डिताः समदर्शिनः ॥
vidyāvinayasampanne brāhmaṇe gavi hastini
śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ samadarśinaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The evenness that will be named in 5.19 is shown here as a way of seeing five beings.
The verse
The learned see the same in a brahmin endowed with learning and modesty, in a cow, in an elephant, in a dog, and in a dog-cooker.
नेपालीमा
पण्डितहरूले विद्या र विनयले युक्त ब्राह्मणमा, गाईमा, हात्तीमा, कुकुरमा र कुकुर पकाउनेमा उही देख्छन्।
Where it sits
The man who is not the doer is now given a way of looking. The list runs from the learned brahmin to the dog-cooker, and the case does not change. Nothing in the verse asks him to rank them. The ranking would be a second seeing. samadarśinaḥ (समदर्शिनः) is one seeing.
Split: विद्या-विनय-सम्पन्ने + ब्राह्मणे + गवि + हस्तिनि + शुनि + च + एव + श्व-पाके + च + पण्डिताः + सम-दर्शिनः
vidyā-vinaya-sampanne + brāhmaṇe + gavi + hastini + śuni + ca + eva + śva-pāke + ca + paṇḍitāḥ + sama-darśinaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| विद्या-विनय-सम्पन्ने | vidyā-vinaya-sampanne | locative singular | in one endowed with learning and modesty. |
| ब्राह्मणे | brāhmaṇe | locative singular | in a brahmin. |
| गवि | gavi | locative singular of go (गो) | in a cow. |
| हस्तिनि | hastini | locative singular of hastin (हस्तिन्) | in an elephant. |
| शुनि | śuni | locative singular of śvan (श्वन्) | in a dog. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| श्व-पाके | śva-pāke | locative singular | in a dog-cooker. śvan (श्वन्) is the dog. pāka (पाक) is the cooking. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| पण्डिताः | paṇḍitāḥ | nominative plural | the learned. |
| सम-दर्शिनः | sama-darśinaḥ | nominative plural of samadarśin (समदर्शिन्) | those who see the same. |
The phrases
Five locatives, and no finite verb. vidyāvinayasampanne brāhmaṇe (विद्याविनयसम्पन्ने ब्राह्मणे) is one person: a brahmin who has learning and modesty. The adjective sits in the same case as the noun. Then gavi (गवि), hastini (हस्तिनि), śuni (शुनि), śvapāke (श्वपाके). A cow, an elephant, a dog, and a dog-cooker.
paṇḍitāḥ samadarśinaḥ (पण्डिताः समदर्शिनः) is the subject and its description. The learned are seers of the same. The "are" is unspoken. The locatives answer "in." The same sight falls in each of them.
ca eva (च एव) is recited caiva (चैव).
Sanskrit in this line
go (गो) and śvan (श्वन्) do not take the ordinary locative --e (ए). The locative of go (गो) is gavi (गवि). The locative of śvan (श्वन्) is śuni (शुनि). hastin (हस्तिन्) does take a locative you can almost guess, hastini (हस्तिनि), because an in (इन्)-stem uses --ini (इनि). The two that fail a guessed ending are the cow and the dog. They are in the verse so the case can be learned from them.
Say it back
Say the five, in the locative, and end with the dog-cooker. If śvapāke (श्वपाके) is softened into a milder person, stay here.