7.12
ये चैव सात्त्विका भावा राजसास्तामसाश्च ये ।
मत्त एवेति तान्विद्धि न त्वहं तेषु ते मयि ॥
ye caiva sāttvikā bhāvā rājasās tāmasāś ca ye
matta eveti tān viddhi na tvahaṃ teṣu te mayi
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Whatever states there are, of clarity, of drive, and of darkness, know them as come from me alone. But I am not in them. They are in me.
नेपालीमा
निर्मलताका, जोशका र अन्धकारका जति अवस्था छन्, तिनीहरू मबाटै आएका हुन् भनेर बुझ। तर म तिनीहरूमा छैन, तिनीहरू ममा छन्।
Where it sits
The qualities of 7.8 through 7.11 were particular. This verse takes every state, sorts them by the three strands, and gives the direction of dependence. They come from him. He does not sit inside them as if they contained him.
Split: ये + च + एव + सात्त्विकाः + भावाः + राजसाः + तामसाः + च + ये + मत्तः + एव + इति + तान् + विद्धि + न + तु + अहम् + तेषु + ते + मयि
ye + ca + eva + sāttvikāḥ + bhāvāḥ + rājasāḥ + tāmasāḥ + ca + ye + mattaḥ + eva + iti + tān + viddhi + na + tu + aham + teṣu + te + mayi
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ये | ye | nominative plural | those which. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| सात्त्विकाः | sāttvikāḥ | nominative plural | of sattva (सत्त्व), the clear strand. |
| भावाः | bhāvāḥ | nominative plural | states. Ways a thing is. |
| राजसाः | rājasāḥ | nominative plural | of rajas (रजस्), the driving strand. |
| तामसाः | tāmasāḥ | nominative plural | of tamas (तमस्), the dark strand. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | those which. The correlative is repeated, so the three kinds are one set. |
| मत्तः | mattaḥ | ablative | from me. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | alone, just. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It marks what he is to hold. |
| तान् | tān | accusative plural | them. The states. |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular | know. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| तेषु | teṣu | locative plural | in them. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. The states. Not the te (ते) of 7.2, which was "to you." |
| मयि | mayi | locative | in me. |
The phrases
ye ca eva sāttvikāḥ bhāvāḥ rājasāḥ tāmasāḥ ca ye (ये च एव सात्त्विकाः भावाः राजसाः तामसाः च ये) gathers every state there is, under the three strands. Clear, driving, dark. bhāvāḥ (भावाः) is the noun. The other three plurals sort it.
mattaḥ eva iti tān viddhi (मत्तः एव इति तान् विद्धि) is the command. Know them as from him alone. The ablative here is "from," the source, not the "than" of 7.7.
na tu aham teṣu te mayi (न तु अहम् तेषु ते मयि) is the correction inside the command. He is not in them. They are in him. The two locatives are the whole point, and they are not reversible.
Sanskrit in this line
āḥ (आः) has three outcomes in the first line, and the list is unreadable until they are separated.
Before a voiced consonant, āḥ (आः) drops its visarga and leaves ā (आ). sāttvikāḥ bhāvāḥ (सात्त्विकाः भावाः) is recited sāttvikā bhāvā (सात्त्विका भावा), and bhāvāḥ (भावाः) loses its visarga again before the voiced r (र्) of rājasāḥ (राजसाः).
Before voiceless t (त्), āḥ (आः) becomes ās (आस्). rājasāḥ tāmasāḥ (राजसाः तामसाः) is rājasās tāmasāḥ (राजसास्तामसाः).
Before c (च्), āḥ (आः) becomes āś (आश्). tāmasāḥ ca (तामसाः च) is tāmasāś ca (तामसाश्च).
मत्तः + एव mattaḥ + eva is a different visarga. aḥ (अः) before a vowel other than short a (अ) simply drops: matta eva (मत्त एव). Then एव + इति eva + iti becomes eveti (एवेति).
Say it back
The three kinds of state, then the direction. If te mayi (ते मयि) comes out as "I am in them," stay here.