10.3
यो मामजमनादिं च वेत्ति लोकमहेश्वरम् ।
असम्मूढः स मर्त्येषु सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥
yo mām ajam anādiṃ ca vetti lokamaheśvaram
asammūḍhaḥ sa martyeṣu sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. He names the one who does know.
The verse
Whoever knows me as unborn and beginningless, and as the great lord of the worlds, he, undeluded among mortals, is released from all pāpa (पाप).
नेपालीमा
जसले मलाई अजन्मा, अनादि र लोकहरूको महान् स्वामीका रूपमा चिन्छ, मानिसहरूमा मोह नभएको त्यो व्यक्ति सबै पापबाट मुक्त हुन्छ।
Where it sits
10.2 said the gods and the sages do not know his origin. This verse says what knowing it does to a mortal. The one who knows him as unborn and beginningless is undeluded. That is the knowing the chapter title is pointing at.
Split: यः + माम् + अजम् + अनादिम् + च + वेत्ति + लोक-महा-ईश्वरम् + असम्मूढः + सः + मर्त्येषु + सर्व-पापैः + प्रमुच्यते
yaḥ + mām + ajam + anādim + ca + vetti + loka-mahā-īśvaram + asammūḍhaḥ + saḥ + martyeṣu + sarva-pāpaiḥ + pramucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| अजम् | ajam | accusative singular | unborn. Agrees with mām (माम्). a (अ) + ja (ज) "born." |
| अनादिम् | anādim | accusative singular | beginningless. Agrees with mām (माम्). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| वेत्ति | vetti | present, 3rd singular of vid (विद्) | he knows. |
| लोक-महा-ईश्वरम् | loka-mahā-īśvaram | accusative singular | the great lord of the worlds. Recited lokamaheśvaram (लोकमहेश्वरम्). |
| असम्मूढः | asammūḍhaḥ | nominative singular | undeluded. Not confused through and through. From muh (मुह्), "be confused." |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. The correlative of yaḥ (यः). |
| मर्त्येषु | martyeṣu | locative plural | among mortals. |
| सर्व-पापैः | sarva-pāpaiḥ | instrumental plural | from all pāpa (पाप). The evils, the debts of harm. |
| प्रमुच्यते | pramucyate | present, 3rd singular, passive of pra-muc (प्र-मुच्) | he is released. |
The phrases
यो माम् अजम् अनादिं च वेत्ति लोकमहेश्वरम् yo mām ajam anādiṃ ca vetti lokamaheśvaram is the knower and the three ways of knowing. Me, as unborn. Me, as without beginning. Me, as the great lord of the worlds. The accusatives after mām (माम्) say how he is to be known. They are not a second object.
asammūḍhaḥ sa martyeṣu sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate (असम्मूढः स मर्त्येषु सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते) is the result. That person, among mortals, is undeluded, and is released from all pāpa (पाप). yaḥ (यः) and saḥ (सः) are the pair, "who" and "he."
Sanskrit in this line
saḥ (सः) before a consonant loses its visarga and does not become so (सो). The line is sa martyeṣu (स मर्त्येषु). The same will be true of eṣaḥ (एषः). Other words in --aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant become --o (ओ). This pronoun is the exception. yaḥ (यः) is not the exception: yaḥ (यः) + mām (माम्) is yo mām (यो माम्), because m (म्) is voiced.
Say it back
The three accusatives after mām (माम्), then what he is among mortals. If asammūḍhaḥ (असम्मूढः) comes out as a god's title, stay here. It describes the mortal who knows.