10.5
अहिंसा समता तुष्टिस्तपो दानं यशोऽयशः ।
भवन्ति भावा भूतानां मत्त एव पृथग्विधाः ॥
ahiṃsā samatā tuṣṭis tapo dānaṃ yaśo 'yaśaḥ
bhavanti bhāvā bhūtānāṃ matta eva pṛthagvidhāḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The verb that 10.4 was waiting for is here.
The verse
Non-harm, evenness, contentment, austerity, giving, fame and disgrace — the states of beings, in their distinct kinds, come to be from me alone.
नेपालीमा
अहिंसा, समता, सन्तुष्टि, तप, दान, यश र अपयश, प्राणीका यी छुट्टाछुट्टै भाव मबाट नै हुन्छन्।
Where it sits
The sentence that opened at 10.4 closes here. Pleasant and unpleasant, fame and disgrace, fear and calm, are said to come from him. He is the source of the gods in 10.2. He is also the source of these states in beings.
Split: अहिंसा + समता + तुष्टिः + तपः + दानम् + यशः + अयशः + भवन्ति + भावाः + भूतानाम् + मत्तः + एव + पृथक्-विधाः
ahiṃsā + samatā + tuṣṭiḥ + tapaḥ + dānam + yaśaḥ + ayaśaḥ + bhavanti + bhāvāḥ + bhūtānām + mattaḥ + eva + pṛthak-vidhāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अहिंसा | ahiṃsā | nominative singular | non-harm. |
| समता | samatā | nominative singular | evenness. Impartiality. |
| तुष्टिः | tuṣṭiḥ | nominative singular | contentment. |
| तपः | tapaḥ | nominative of tapas (तपस्) | austerity. The heat of practice. |
| दानम् | dānam | nominative singular | giving. |
| यशः | yaśaḥ | nominative of yaśas (यशस्) | fame. |
| अयशः | ayaśaḥ | nominative of ayaśas (अयशस्) | disgrace. Ill-fame. |
| भवन्ति | bhavanti | present, 3rd plural of bhū (भू) | they come to be. |
| भावाः | bhāvāḥ | nominative plural | states. Ways of being. The subject of the whole list. |
| भूतानाम् | bhūtānām | genitive plural | of beings. |
| मत्तः | mattaḥ | ablative of the pronoun mad (मद्) | from me. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | alone. Indeed. It presses mattaḥ (मत्तः). |
| पृथक्-विधाः | pṛthak-vidhāḥ | nominative plural | of distinct kinds. Recited pṛthagvidhāḥ (पृथग्विधाः). Agrees with bhāvāḥ (भावाः). |
The phrases
ahiṃsā samatā tuṣṭiḥ tapaḥ dānaṃ yaśaḥ ayaśaḥ (अहिंसा समता तुष्टिः तपः दानं यशः अयशः) finishes the catalogue. Non-harm, evenness, contentment, austerity, giving, fame, and disgrace. ayaśaḥ (अयशः) is on the list with yaśaḥ (यशः), as duḥkham (दुःखम्) was on the list with sukham (सुखम्).
bhavanti bhāvā bhūtānāṃ matta eva pṛthagvidhāḥ (भवन्ति भावा भूतानां मत्त एव पृथग्विधाः) is the verb and the source. These states of beings, of many distinct kinds, come to be from him alone. bhāvāḥ (भावाः) gathers 10.4 and the first line of this verse into one subject.
Sanskrit in this line
tuṣṭiḥ (तुष्टिः) + tapaḥ (तपः) is recited tuṣṭis tapaḥ (तुष्टिस्तपः). Visarga after i (इ), before the voiceless t (त्), becomes s (स्). Before a voiced sound the same visarga would have become r (र्), as in buddhir jñānam (बुद्धिर्ज्ञानम्). The next sound decides.
pṛthak (पृथक्) + vidhāḥ (विधाः) is recited pṛthagvidhāḥ (पृथग्विधाः). k (क्) before the voiced v (व्) becomes g (ग्). The hyphen in the split shows the seam. The line does not.
Say it back
The verb, the subject, and the source. bhavanti (भवन्ति), bhāvāḥ (भावाः), mattaḥ (मत्तः). If mattaḥ (मत्तः) comes out as "in me" rather than "from me," stay here. It is ablative.