10.21
आदित्यानामहं विष्णुर्ज्योतिषां रविरंशुमान् ।
मरीचिर्मरुतामस्मि नक्षत्राणामहं शशी ॥
ādityānām ahaṃ viṣṇur jyotiṣāṃ ravir aṃśumān
marīcir marutām asmi nakṣatrāṇām ahaṃ śaśī
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The list begins. Each item is the same shape: of a group, he is the one that stands out.
The verse
Of the Ādityas I am Viṣṇu, of lights the rayed sun; of the Maruts I am Marīci, of the constellations the moon.
नेपालीमा
आदित्यहरूमध्ये म विष्णु हुँ, ज्योतिहरूमध्ये किरण भएको सूर्य हुँ। मरुत्हरूमध्ये म मरीचि हुँ, नक्षत्रहरूमध्ये म चन्द्र हुँ।
Where it sits
The list starts here, under the rule already stated at 10.20 and the limit stated at 10.19. Viṣṇu in this line is the foremost of the Ādityas. The moon is the foremost of the constellations. They are items. 10.41 will say what an item is.
Split: आदित्यानाम् + अहम् + विष्णुः + ज्योतिषाम् + रविः + अंशुमान् + मरीचिः + मरुताम् + अस्मि + नक्षत्राणाम् + अहम् + शशी
ādityānām + aham + viṣṇuḥ + jyotiṣām + raviḥ + aṃśumān + marīciḥ + marutām + asmi + nakṣatrāṇām + aham + śaśī
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| आदित्यानाम् | ādityānām | genitive plural | of the Ādityas. The gods born of Aditi (अदिति). |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| विष्णुः | viṣṇuḥ | nominative | Viṣṇu (विष्णु). Among the Ādityas, the one he names. |
| ज्योतिषाम् | jyotiṣām | genitive plural of jyotiṣ (ज्योतिष्) | of lights. |
| रविः | raviḥ | nominative | the sun. |
| अंशुमान् | aṃśumān | nominative of aṃśumant (अंशुमन्त्) | the rayed one. The one with beams. Agrees with raviḥ (रविः). |
| मरीचिः | marīciḥ | nominative | Marīci (मरीचि). |
| मरुताम् | marutām | genitive plural | of the Maruts. The storm-gods. |
| अस्मि | asmi | present, 1st singular of as (अस्) | I am. |
| नक्षत्राणाम् | nakṣatrāṇām | genitive plural | of the constellations. The lunar mansions. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| शशी | śaśī | nominative of śaśin (शशिन्) | the moon. The one who has the hare. |
The phrases
आदित्यानाम् अहं विष्णुः ज्योतिषां रविः अंशुमान् ādityānām ahaṃ viṣṇuḥ jyotiṣāṃ raviḥ aṃśumān is two pairs. Of the Ādityas, Viṣṇu. Of lights, the rayed sun. The genitive names the group. The nominative names the splendor he claims inside it.
मरीचिः मरुताम् अस्मि नक्षत्राणाम् अहं शशी marīciḥ marutām asmi nakṣatrāṇām ahaṃ śaśī is the next two. Of the Maruts, Marīci. Of the constellations, the moon. asmi (अस्मि) is spoken once and covers the verse. In the verses where it is missing, it is understood.
Sanskrit in this line
The frame of the list is genitive plural plus nominative. ādityānām (आदित्यानाम्) answers "of whom." viṣṇuḥ (विष्णुः) is what he is among them. When the genitive is put after the nominative, as marutām (मरुताम्) after marīciḥ (मरीचिः), the job of the case does not change.
viṣṇuḥ (विष्णुः) + jyotiṣām (ज्योतिषाम्) is viṣṇur jyotiṣām (विष्णुर्ज्योतिषाम्). raviḥ (रविः) + aṃśumān (अंशुमान्) is ravir aṃśumān (रविरंशुमान्). Visarga after u (उ) or i (इ), before a voiced sound or a vowel, becomes r (र्).
Say it back
Four groups, four names. If the genitive is said as "I am the Ādityas," stay here. Of the Ādityas, he is Viṣṇu.