10.27
उच्चैःश्रवसमश्वानां विद्धि माममृतोद्भवम् ।
ऐरावतं गजेन्द्राणां नराणां च नराधिपम् ॥
uccaiḥśravasam aśvānāṃ viddhi mām amṛtodbhavam
airāvataṃ gajendrāṇāṃ narāṇāṃ ca narādhipam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. viddhi (विद्धि) returns, and the predicates are accusative.
The verse
Know me among horses as Uccaiḥśravas, born of the nectar; among the lords of elephants as Airāvata; and among men as the lord of men.
नेपालीमा
घोडाहरूमध्ये अमृतबाट जन्मेको उच्चैःश्रवस् म हुँ भनेर जान। हात्तीका स्वामीहरूमध्ये ऐरावत म हुँ, र मानिसहरूमध्ये मानिसका अधिपति म हुँ।
Where it sits
viddhi (विद्धि) makes the list a thing to know, as in 10.24. The king stands in the same accusative row as the horse. The chapter is not building a rank of beings out of that. They are splendors he tells Arjuna to recognize.
Split: उच्चैः-श्रवसम् + अश्वानाम् + विद्धि + माम् + अमृत-उद्भवम् + ऐरावतम् + गज-इन्द्राणाम् + नराणाम् + च + नर-अधिपम्
uccaiḥ-śravasam + aśvānām + viddhi + mām + amṛta-udbhavam + airāvatam + gaja-indrāṇām + narāṇām + ca + nara-adhipam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| उच्चैः-श्रवसम् | uccaiḥ-śravasam | accusative | Uccaiḥśravas (उच्चैःश्रवस्). The horse. uccaiḥ (उच्चैः) is "on high." śravas (श्रवस्) is ear, or fame. |
| अश्वानाम् | aśvānām | genitive plural | of horses. |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular | know. |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| अमृत-उद्भवम् | amṛta-udbhavam | accusative singular | born of the nectar. Arisen from the deathless. Agrees with uccaiḥ-śravasam (उच्चैः-श्रवसम्). Recited amṛtodbhavam (अमृतोद्भवम्). |
| ऐरावतम् | airāvatam | accusative | Airāvata (ऐरावत). The elephant. |
| गज-इन्द्राणाम् | gaja-indrāṇām | genitive plural | of the lords of elephants. Recited gajendrāṇām (गजेन्द्राणाम्). |
| नराणाम् | narāṇām | genitive plural | of men. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| नर-अधिपम् | nara-adhipam | accusative | the lord of men. A king. Recited narādhipam (नराधिपम्). |
The phrases
उच्चैःश्रवसम् अश्वानां विद्धि माम् अमृतोद्भवम् uccaiḥśravasam aśvānāṃ viddhi mām amṛtodbhavam is the command and the first predicate. Know me, among horses, as Uccaiḥśravas, the one born of the nectar. The verse says born of amṛta (अमृत). It does not tell the story around that birth.
airāvataṃ gajendrāṇāṃ narāṇāṃ ca narādhipam (ऐरावतं गजेन्द्राणां नराणां च नराधिपम्) is two more accusatives on mām (माम्). Among the lords of elephants, Airāvata. Among men, the lord of men. A horse, an elephant, and a king. One command covers all three.
Sanskrit in this line
amṛta (अमृत) + udbhava (उद्भव) is recited amṛtodbhava (अमृतोद्भव). Inside the compound, a (अ) + u (उ) becomes o (ओ). The hyphen in अमृत-उद्भवम् amṛta-udbhavam shows the seam the line has closed. gaja (गज) + indra (इन्द्र) is gajendra (गजेन्द्र), a (अ) + i (इ) becoming e (ए). nara (नर) + adhipa (अधिप) is narādhipa (नराधिप), a (अ) + a (अ) becoming ā (आ).
Say it back
Three accusatives on viddhi mām (विद्धि माम्). The horse, the elephant, the lord of men. If the king is given a separate rank above the list, stay here.