10.31
पवनः पवतामस्मि रामः शस्त्रभृतामहम् ।
झषाणां मकरश्चास्मि स्रोतसामस्मि जाह्नवी ॥
pavanaḥ pavatām asmi rāmaḥ śastrabhṛtām aham
jhaṣāṇāṃ makaraś cāsmi srotasām asmi jāhnavī
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues.
The verse
Of those who purify I am the wind; of those who bear weapons I am Rāma; of fish I am the makara; of streams I am the Jāhnavī.
नेपालीमा
पवित्र पार्नेहरूमध्ये म वायु हुँ, हतियार बोक्नेहरूमध्ये म राम हुँ। माछाहरूमध्ये म मकर हुँ, र धाराहरूमध्ये म जाह्नवी हुँ।
Where it sits
A river can be the splendor of streams the way the mind was the splendor of the senses. The grammar follows the noun. One feminine nominative in a row of masculine names is still the same list.
Split: पवनः + पवताम् + अस्मि + रामः + शस्त्र-भृताम् + अहम् + झषाणाम् + मकरः + च + अस्मि + स्रोतसाम् + अस्मि + जाह्नवी
pavanaḥ + pavatām + asmi + rāmaḥ + śastra-bhṛtām + aham + jhaṣāṇām + makaraḥ + ca + asmi + srotasām + asmi + jāhnavī
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| पवनः | pavanaḥ | nominative | the wind. The purifier. |
| पवताम् | pavatām | genitive plural, present participle | of those who purify. |
| अस्मि | asmi | present, 1st singular | I am. |
| रामः | rāmaḥ | nominative | Rāma (राम). The verse gives the name and the group, not a further story. |
| शस्त्र-भृताम् | śastra-bhṛtām | genitive plural | of those who bear weapons. śastra (शस्त्र) is a weapon. bhṛt (भृत्) is "bearing." |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| झषाणाम् | jhaṣāṇām | genitive plural | of fish. jhaṣa (झष) is a fish. |
| मकरः | makaraḥ | nominative | the makara (मकर). The great beast of the waters. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अस्मि | asmi | present, 1st singular | I am. |
| स्रोतसाम् | srotasām | genitive plural of srotas (स्रोतस्) | of streams. Of flowing waters. |
| अस्मि | asmi | present, 1st singular | I am. |
| जाह्नवी | jāhnavī | nominative | the Jāhnavī (जाह्नवी). The daughter of Jahnu (जह्नु), the river. |
The phrases
पवनः पवताम् अस्मि रामः शस्त्रभृताम् अहम् pavanaḥ pavatām asmi rāmaḥ śastrabhṛtām aham is the wind among purifiers, and Rāma among those who bear weapons. The name rāmaḥ (रामः) is what the line says. The group is weapon-bearers.
झषाणां मकरः च अस्मि स्रोतसाम् अस्मि जाह्नवी jhaṣāṇāṃ makaraḥ ca asmi srotasām asmi jāhnavī is a fish and a river. Of fish, the makara. Of streams, the Jāhnavī. jāhnavī (जाह्नवी) is feminine. asmi (अस्मि) takes it as it stands.
Sanskrit in this line
jāhnavī (जाह्नवी) is feminine nominative, an ī (ई)-stem. The predicate noun keeps its own gender. He says asmi (अस्मि), "I am," of a feminine word without making the word masculine. cetanā (चेतना) in 10.22 was the same fact. The adjective, when there is one, would follow the noun. Here the noun itself is the predicate.
Say it back
The river and the streams. jāhnavī (जाह्नवी), srotasām (स्रोतसाम्). If the feminine ending is "corrected" to a masculine one, stay here.