10.32
सर्गाणामादिरन्तश्च मध्यं चैवाहमर्जुन ।
अध्यात्मविद्या विद्यानां वादः प्रवदतामहम् ॥
sargāṇām ādir antaś ca madhyaṃ caivāham arjuna
adhyātmavidyā vidyānāṃ vādaḥ pravadatām aham
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. Beginning, middle, and end return, now of creations.
The verse
Of creations I am the beginning and the end and the middle, Arjuna; of knowledges I am the knowledge of the self; of those who speak I am argument.
नेपालीमा
हे अर्जुन, सृष्टिहरूमध्ये म आदि, अन्त्य र मध्य हुँ। ज्ञानहरूमध्ये म आत्माको ज्ञान हुँ, र बोल्नेहरूमध्ये म वाद हुँ।
Where it sits
The list remembers its center. Among knowledges, the one he names is the knowledge turned toward the self, which is what 10.20 has already said he is. The items around it do not replace that.
Split: सर्गाणाम् + आदिः + अन्तः + च + मध्यम् + च + एव + अहम् + अर्जुन + अध्यात्म-विद्या + विद्यानाम् + वादः + प्रवदताम् + अहम्
sargāṇām + ādiḥ + antaḥ + ca + madhyam + ca + eva + aham + arjuna + adhyātma-vidyā + vidyānām + vādaḥ + pravadatām + aham
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सर्गाणाम् | sargāṇām | genitive plural | of creations. Of the pourings-forth of worlds. |
| आदिः | ādiḥ | nominative | the beginning. |
| अन्तः | antaḥ | nominative | the end. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| मध्यम् | madhyam | nominative | the middle. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| अर्जुन | arjuna | vocative | Arjuna. |
| अध्यात्म-विद्या | adhyātma-vidyā | nominative | the knowledge that concerns the self. adhi (अधि) set to ātman (आत्मन्), the turn toward the self, plus vidyā (विद्या), knowledge. |
| विद्यानाम् | vidyānām | genitive plural | of knowledges. |
| वादः | vādaḥ | nominative | argument. The speech that takes a position. |
| प्रवदताम् | pravadatām | genitive plural, present participle of pra-vad (प्र-वद्) | of those who speak forth. Of those who declare. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
The phrases
सर्गाणाम् आदिः अन्तः च मध्यं च एव अहम् sargāṇām ādiḥ antaḥ ca madhyaṃ ca eva aham repeats the shape of 10.20, with a new genitive. Of creations, he is beginning and end and middle. 10.20 said it of beings, and said he is the self in the heart. This line says it of sarga (सर्ग).
अध्यात्मविद्या विद्यानां वादः प्रवदताम् अहम् adhyātmavidyā vidyānāṃ vādaḥ pravadatām aham picks one knowledge out of knowledges, and one kind of speech out of speakers. Of knowledges, the knowledge of the self. Of those who declare, the argument.
Sanskrit in this line
ādiḥ (आदिः) + antaḥ (अन्तः) is ādir antaḥ (आदिरन्तः). Visarga after i (इ) before a vowel becomes r (र्), and the vowels stay in a row: ādir (आदिर्) plus antaḥ (अन्तः), not a contracted diphthong. Then antaḥ (अन्तः) + ca (च) is antaś ca (अन्तश्च). ca (च) + eva (एव) is caiva (चैव), a (अ) + e (ए) becoming ai (ऐ).
Say it back
Of knowledges, which knowledge. adhyātmavidyā (अध्यात्मविद्या). If the middle of creations is offered as a new doctrine apart from 10.20, stay here. It is the same beginning, middle, and end.