10.35
बृहत्साम तथा साम्नां गायत्री छन्दसामहम् ।
मासानां मार्गशीर्षोऽहमृतूनां कुसुमाकरः ॥
bṛhatsāma tathā sāmnāṃ gāyatrī chandasām aham
māsānāṃ mārgaśīrṣo 'ham ṛtūnāṃ kusumākaraḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. Chant, meter, month, season.
The verse
Of the sāmans I am the Bṛhat-sāman, and of meters the Gāyatrī; of months I am Mangsir, of seasons the abundance of flowers.
नेपालीमा
सामहरूमध्ये म बृहत्साम हुँ, छन्दहरूमध्ये म गायत्री हुँ। महिनाहरूमध्ये म मार्गशीर्ष हुँ, ऋतुहरूमध्ये फूलको प्रचुरता हुँ।
Where it sits
The list can say "time" by naming a month. It does not need a new principle for that. A chant among chants is the same shape as a season among seasons.
Split: बृहत्-साम + तथा + साम्नाम् + गायत्री + छन्दसाम् + अहम् + मासानाम् + मार्गशीर्षः + अहम् + ऋतूनाम् + कुसुम-आकरः
bṛhat-sāma + tathā + sāmnām + gāyatrī + chandasām + aham + māsānām + mārgaśīrṣaḥ + aham + ṛtūnām + kusuma-ākaraḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| बृहत्-साम | bṛhat-sāma | nominative singular neuter | the Bṛhat-sāman (बृहत्साम). The great chant. sāman (सामन्) is a chant. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and so. Likewise. |
| साम्नाम् | sāmnām | genitive plural of sāman (सामन्) | of the sāmans. |
| गायत्री | gāyatrī | nominative | the Gāyatrī (गायत्री). The meter. |
| छन्दसाम् | chandasām | genitive plural of chandas (छन्दस्) | of meters. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| मासानाम् | māsānām | genitive plural | of months. |
| मार्गशीर्षः | mārgaśīrṣaḥ | nominative | Mangsir (मार्गशीर्ष). The month. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| ऋतूनाम् | ṛtūnām | genitive plural | of seasons. |
| कुसुम-आकरः | kusuma-ākaraḥ | nominative | the abundance of flowers. Recited kusumākaraḥ (कुसुमाकरः). The spring. kusuma (कुसुम) is a flower. ākara (आकर) is a mine, a rich source. |
The phrases
बृहत्साम तथा साम्नां गायत्री छन्दसाम् अहम् bṛhatsāma tathā sāmnāṃ gāyatrī chandasām aham is chant and meter. Of the sāmans, the Bṛhat-sāman. Of meters, the Gāyatrī. tathā (तथा) keeps the first pair in the same "I am" as the rest.
मासानां मार्गशीर्षः अहम् ऋतूनां कुसुमाकरः māsānāṃ mārgaśīrṣaḥ aham ṛtūnāṃ kusumākaraḥ is a month and a season. Of months, Mangsir. Of seasons, the abundance of flowers. Time in this verse is a month and a spring, not the word kālaḥ (कालः).
Sanskrit in this line
kusuma (कुसुम) + ākaraḥ (आकरः) is kusumākaraḥ (कुसुमाकरः). a (अ) + ā (आ) inside the compound becomes ā (आ). The split writes both vowels. The line keeps one.
mārgaśīrṣaḥ (मार्गशीर्षः) + aham (अहम्) is mārgaśīrṣo 'ham (मार्गशीर्षोऽहम्). Then aham (अहम्) + ṛtūnām (ऋतूनाम्) is aham ṛtūnām (अहमृतूनाम्). The avagraha and the following vowel sit side by side in the line: mārgaśīrṣo 'ham ṛtūnām (मार्गशीर्षोऽहमृतूनाम्).
Say it back
The month and the season. mārgaśīrṣaḥ (मार्गशीर्षः), kusumākaraḥ (कुसुमाकरः). If kusumākaraḥ (कुसुमाकरः) comes out only as the name of a person, stay here. The genitive is seasons.