10.39
यच्चापि सर्वभूतानां बीजं तदहमर्जुन ।
न तदस्ति विना यत्स्यान्मया भूतं चराचरम् ॥
yac cāpi sarvabhūtānāṃ bījaṃ tad aham arjuna
na tad asti vinā yat syān mayā bhūtaṃ carācaram
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The pairs stop. He says seed, and he says there is nothing apart.
The verse
And whatever is the seed of all beings, that I am, Arjuna; there is no being, moving or unmoving, that could exist without me.
नेपालीमा
हे अर्जुन, सबै प्राणीको जुन बीज छ त्यो म हुँ। म बिना चल्ने वा नचल्ने कुनै प्राणी रहन सक्दैन।
Where it sits
The list is gathered. He is not only the chief item of each group. He is the seed, and nothing that moves or stands is there apart from him. 10.20 said the self in the heart. This verse says the seed, and the absence of anything without him. 10.41 will say the portion. 10.42 will say one portion holds the world.
Split: यत् + च + अपि + सर्व-भूतानाम् + बीजम् + तत् + अहम् + अर्जुन + न + तत् + अस्ति + विना + यत् + स्यात् + मया + भूतम् + चर-अचरम्
yat + ca + api + sarva-bhūtānām + bījam + tat + aham + arjuna + na + tat + asti + vinā + yat + syāt + mayā + bhūtam + cara-acaram
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | what. Whatever. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | also. |
| सर्व-भूतानाम् | sarva-bhūtānām | genitive plural | of all beings. |
| बीजम् | bījam | nominative singular | the seed. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. The correlative of yat (यत्). |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| अर्जुन | arjuna | vocative | Arjuna. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| अस्ति | asti | present, 3rd singular | there is. |
| विना | vinā | indeclinable | without. It takes the instrumental. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| स्यात् | syāt | optative, 3rd singular of as (अस्) | it might be. It could exist. |
| मया | mayā | instrumental | by me. Without me. |
| भूतम् | bhūtam | nominative singular | a being. |
| चर-अचरम् | cara-acaram | nominative singular | moving and unmoving. Agrees with bhūtam (भूतम्). Recited carācaram (चराचरम्). |
The phrases
यत् च अपि सर्वभूतानां बीजं तत् अहम् yat ca api sarvabhūtānāṃ bījaṃ tat aham gathers the list into a seed. Whatever is the seed of all beings, that he is. The pairs were chiefs of groups. This is prior to the groups.
न तत् अस्ति विना यत् स्यात् मया भूतं चराचरम् na tat asti vinā yat syāt mayā bhūtaṃ carācaram is the exclusion. There is no being, moving or unmoving, which could exist without him. vinā (विना) with mayā (मया) is "without me." syāt (स्यात्) is the "could be." na asti (न अस्ति) says it is not there.
Sanskrit in this line
yat (यत्) + ca (च) + api (अपि) is yac cāpi (यच्चापि). A final t (त्) before the palatal c (च्) becomes c (च्), so yat ca (यत् च) is yac ca (यच्च). Then ca (च) + api (अपि) is cāpi (चापि), because a (अ) + a (अ) becomes ā (आ). Three small words, one sound.
syāt (स्यात्) is optative, "it might be." vinā (विना) governs mayā (मया), the instrumental. syāt (स्यात्) + mayā (मया) is syān mayā (स्यान्मया). t (त्) before m (म्) becomes the anusvāra.
Say it back
The seed, then the exclusion. bījam (बीजम्), and न तत् अस्ति विना मया na tat asti vinā mayā. If "without me" is softened to "apart from the list," stay here. The instrumental is mayā (मया).