11.22
रुद्रादित्या वसवो ये च साध्या
विश्वेऽश्विनौ मरुतश्चोष्मपाश्च ।
गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घा
वीक्षन्ते त्वां विस्मिताश्चैव सर्वे ॥
rudrādityā vasavo ye ca sādhyā
viśve 'śvinau marutaś coṣmapāś ca
gandharvayakṣāsurasiddhasaṅghā
vīkṣante tvāṃ vismitāś caiva sarve
Arjuna (अर्जुन) is still speaking, to Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). Meter: triṣṭubh (त्रिष्टुभ्). Four quarters, eleven syllables each, forty-four in the verse.
The verse
The Rudras (रुद्र), Ādityas (आदित्य), Vasus (वसु), Sādhyas (साध्य), Viśve (विश्वे) gods, the two Aśvins (अश्विन्), the Maruts (मरुत्), the drinkers of the heat, and the hosts of gandharvas (गन्धर्व), yakṣas (यक्ष), asuras (असुर), and siddhas (सिद्ध) all look at you, amazed.
नेपालीमा
रुद्र, आदित्य, वसु, साध्य, विश्वे देवता, दुई अश्विन्, मरुत्, ताप पिउनेहरू, र गन्धर्व, यक्ष, असुर तथा सिद्धका समूह सबै आश्चर्यमा तपाईंलाई हेरिरहेका छन्।
Where it sits
11.6 was a command to see these names. He sees them, and they are the ones looking. Amazement is the whole crowd's. His own terror comes next, when the form is no longer a list of gods.
Split: रुद्र-आदित्याः + वसवः + ये + च + साध्याः + विश्वे + अश्विनौ + मरुतः + च + उष्म-पाः + च + गन्धर्व-यक्ष-असुर-सिद्ध-सङ्घाः + वीक्षन्ते + त्वाम् + विस्मिताः + च + एव + सर्वे
rudra-ādityāḥ + vasavaḥ + ye + ca + sādhyāḥ + viśve + aśvinau + marutaḥ + ca + uṣma-pāḥ + ca + gandharva-yakṣa-asura-siddha-saṅghāḥ + vīkṣante + tvām + vismitāḥ + ca + eva + sarve
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| रुद्र-आदित्याः | rudra-ādityāḥ | nominative plural | the Rudras (रुद्र) and the Ādityas (आदित्य). |
| वसवः | vasavaḥ | nominative plural | the Vasus (वसु). |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. Those who. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| साध्याः | sādhyāḥ | nominative plural | the Sādhyas (साध्य). |
| विश्वे | viśve | nominative plural | the Viśve (विश्वे) gods. |
| अश्विनौ | aśvinau | nominative dual | the two Aśvins (अश्विन्). |
| मरुतः | marutaḥ | nominative plural | the Maruts (मरुत्). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| उष्म-पाः | uṣma-pāḥ | nominative plural | the drinkers of the heat. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| गन्धर्व-यक्ष-असुर-सिद्ध-सङ्घाः | gandharva-yakṣa-asura-siddha-saṅghāḥ | nominative plural | the hosts of gandharvas (गन्धर्व), yakṣas (यक्ष), asuras (असुर), and siddhas (सिद्ध). |
| वीक्षन्ते | vīkṣante | present, 3rd plural, middle | they look. |
| त्वाम् | tvām | accusative | at you. |
| विस्मिताः | vismitāḥ | nominative plural | amazed. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| सर्वे | sarve | nominative plural | all. |
The phrases
rudra-ādityāḥ vasavaḥ ye ca sādhyāḥ viśve aśvinau marutaḥ ca uṣma-pāḥ ca (रुद्र-आदित्याः वसवः ये च साध्याः विश्वे अश्विनौ मरुतः च उष्म-पाः च) is the list Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) told him to see in 11.6, now looking back at him. The dual is still the two Aśvins (अश्विन्).
gandharva-yakṣa-asura-siddha-saṅghāḥ vīkṣante tvām (गन्धर्व-यक्ष-असुर-सिद्ध-सङ्घाः वीक्षन्ते त्वाम्) adds the hosts that are not quite gods. They look at you.
vismitāḥ ca eva sarve (विस्मिताः च एव सर्वे) is the one description for the whole list. All of them, amazed.
Sanskrit in this line
विश्वे + अश्विनौ viśve + aśvinau is recited viśve 'śvinau (विश्वेऽश्विनौ). Final e (ए) before a short a (अ) can leave the e (ए) and drop the a (अ), and ऽ marks the loss. This is not the aḥ (अः) avagraha of kālo 'smi (कालोऽस्मि). The vowel that stays is e (ए). sādhyāḥ (साध्याः) before viśve (विश्वे) loses its visarga: āḥ (आः) before a voiced sound leaves ā (आ), so the line ends sādhyā (साध्या).
Say it back
The list, and that they are amazed. If aśvinau (अश्विनौ) is plural, the dual was swallowed by sarve (सर्वे).