11.40
नमः पुरस्तादथ पृष्ठतस्ते
नमोऽस्तु ते सर्वत एव सर्व ।
अनन्तवीर्यामितविक्रमस्त्वं
सर्वं समाप्नोषि ततोऽसि सर्वः ॥
namaḥ purastād atha pṛṣṭhatas te
namo 'stu te sarvata eva sarva
anantavīryāmitavikramas tvaṃ
sarvaṃ samāpnoṣi tato 'si sarvaḥ
Arjuna (अर्जुन) is still speaking, to Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). Meter: triṣṭubh (त्रिष्टुभ्). Four quarters, eleven syllables each, forty-four in the verse.
The verse
Homage to you from the front and from behind; homage to you from every side, O all; you of endless might and unmeasured stride reach everything, and therefore you are everything.
नेपालीमा
अगाडिबाट र पछाडिबाट तपाईंलाई नमस्कार, हे सर्व, सबैतिरबाट पनि नमस्कार। अनन्त शक्ति र अमाप पाइला भएका तपाईं सबै कुरामा पुग्नुहुन्छ, त्यसैले तपाईं नै सबै हुनुहुन्छ।
Where it sits
The thousand homages of 11.39 get directions. There is no side to leave unbowed, because he is the all he fills. The next verse leaves the cosmic names and comes back to "friend."
Split: नमः + पुरस्तात् + अथ + पृष्ठतः + ते + नमः + अस्तु + ते + सर्वतः + एव + सर्व + अनन्त-वीर्य-अमित-विक्रमः + त्वम् + सर्वम् + समाप्नोषि + ततः + असि + सर्वः
namaḥ + purastāt + atha + pṛṣṭhataḥ + te + namaḥ + astu + te + sarvataḥ + eva + sarva + ananta-vīrya-amita-vikramaḥ + tvam + sarvam + samāpnoṣi + tataḥ + asi + sarvaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| नमः | namaḥ | indeclinable | homage. |
| पुरस्तात् | purastāt | indeclinable | from the front. |
| अथ | atha | indeclinable | and. |
| पृष्ठतः | pṛṣṭhataḥ | indeclinable | from behind. |
| ते | te | dative | to you. |
| नमः | namaḥ | indeclinable | homage. |
| अस्तु | astu | imperative | let it be. |
| ते | te | dative | to you. |
| सर्वतः | sarvataḥ | indeclinable | from every side. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| सर्व | sarva | vocative | O all. |
| अनन्त-वीर्य-अमित-विक्रमः | ananta-vīrya-amita-vikramaḥ | nominative | of endless might and unmeasured stride. vikrama (विक्रम) is a stride, a prowess. amita (अमित) is unmeasured. |
| त्वम् | tvam | nominative | you. |
| सर्वम् | sarvam | accusative | all. |
| समाप्नोषि | samāpnoṣi | present, 2nd singular | you reach. You fill. From सम्-आप् sam-āp. |
| ततः | tataḥ | indeclinable | therefore. |
| असि | asi | present, 2nd singular | you are. |
| सर्वः | sarvaḥ | nominative | all. The whole. |
The phrases
नमः पुरस्तात् अथ पृष्ठतः ते namaḥ purastāt atha pṛṣṭhataḥ te turns the homage around him. From the front and from behind.
namaḥ astu te sarvataḥ eva sarva (नमः अस्तु ते सर्वतः एव सर्व) finishes the circle. Let there be homage to you from every side, O all.
ananta-vīrya-amita-vikramaḥ tvam sarvam samāpnoṣi tataḥ asi sarvaḥ (अनन्त-वीर्य-अमित-विक्रमः त्वम् सर्वम् समाप्नोषि ततः असि सर्वः) says why the homage has no direction left out. You of endless might and unmeasured stride reach all, and therefore you are all.
Sanskrit in this line
The ending --taḥ (तः) makes an adverb of "from": purastāt (पुरस्तात्) from the front, pṛṣṭhataḥ (पृष्ठतः) from behind, sarvataḥ (सर्वतः) from every side. ततः + असि tataḥ + asi is tato 'si (ततोऽसि). सर्वतः + एव sarvataḥ + eva is sarvata eva (सर्वत एव): aḥ (अः) before e (ए) drops the visarga and leaves the a (अ) heard. Do not make it sarvato 'va (सर्वतोऽव). That avagraha is only before a (अ).
Say it back
The three directions of the homage, and why he is sarvaḥ (सर्वः). If the bow is only from the front, pṛṣṭhataḥ (पृष्ठतः) and sarvataḥ (सर्वतः) were dropped.