13.4
तत्क्षेत्रं यच्च यादृक्च यद्विकारि यतश्च यत् ।
स च यो यत्प्रभावश्च तत्समासेन मे शृणु ॥
tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk ca yad vikāri yataś ca yat
sa ca yo yatprabhāvaś ca tat samāsena me śṛṇu
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Hear from me in brief that field, what it is and of what sort, what modifications it has and from what, and who he is and of what power.
नेपालीमा
त्यो क्षेत्र के हो र कस्तो हो, त्यसका के विकार छन् र ती केबाट हुन्छन्, र ऊ को हो र उसको शक्ति कस्तो छ, यो मबाट संक्षेपमा सुन।
Where it sits
13.2 and 13.3 named the field and the knower, and this verse asks for a short hearing of what the field is and who the knower is, with the field's list at 13.6 and 13.7 and the knower's power taken up again at 13.20.
Split: तत् + क्षेत्रम् + यत् + च + यादृक् + च + यत् + विकारि + यतः + च + यत् + सः + च + यः + यत्-प्रभावः + च + तत् + समासेन + मे + शृणु
tat + kṣetram + yat + ca + yādṛk + ca + yat + vikāri + yataḥ + ca + yat + saḥ + ca + yaḥ + yat-prabhāvaḥ + ca + tat + samāsena + me + śṛṇu
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तत् | tat | accusative singular neuter | that. |
| क्षेत्रम् | kṣetram | accusative singular neuter | the field. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | what. What it is. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| यादृक् | yādṛk | nominative singular neuter of yādṛś (यादृश्) | of what sort. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | what. |
| विकारि | vikāri | nominative singular neuter of vikārin (विकारिन्) | having modifications. The changes it bears. |
| यतः | yataḥ | indeclinable, ablative of yad (यद्) | from what. Whence. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | what. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. The knower. Recited sa (स) before the consonant. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| यत्-प्रभावः | yat-prabhāvaḥ | nominative singular, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | of what power. Whose reach is what. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| तत् | tat | accusative singular neuter | that. The whole account. |
| समासेन | samāsena | instrumental singular of samāsa (समास) | in brief. In a gathering of the points. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic of aham (अहम्) | from me. Of me. |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular of śru (श्रु) | hear. |
The phrases
tat kṣetraṃ yat ca yādṛk ca (तत् क्षेत्रं यत् च यादृक् च) opens the list he is to hear. That field: what it is, and of what sort. यत् + च yat + ca is recited yac ca (यच्च). यादृक् + च yādṛk + ca stays yādṛk ca (यादृक्च).
यत् विकारि यतः च यत् yat vikāri yataś ca yat finishes the field. What modifications it has, and from what it comes, and what it is. यत् + विकारि yat + vikāri is yad vikāri (यद्विकारि). यतः + च yataḥ + ca is yataś ca (यतश्च).
स च यः यत्प्रभावः च sa ca yaḥ yatprabhāvaś ca turns to the knower. And he, who he is, and of what power. tat samāsena me śṛṇu (तत् समासेन मे शृणु) is the command over both halves. Hear that from me in brief.
Sanskrit in this line
The pronoun saḥ (सः) before a consonant drops its visarga and stays sa (स). सः + च saḥ + ca is recited sa ca (स च). Ordinary aḥ (अः) before c (च्) would become aś (अश्), and the line shows that ordinary rule on यत्प्रभावः + च yatprabhāvaḥ + ca, which is yatprabhāvaś ca (यत्प्रभावश्च). The pronoun is the exception.
yādṛk (यादृक्) is yādṛś (यादृश्) when it stands as a word on its own. A final ś (श्) becomes k (क्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he must hear about the field, then what he must hear about the knower. If samāsena (समासेन) comes out as a long treatise, stay here.