13.5
ऋषिभिर्बहुधा गीतं छन्दोभिर्विविधैः पृथक् ।
ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैश्चैव हेतुमद्भिर्विनिश्चितैः ॥
ṛṣibhir bahudhā gītaṃ chandobhir vividhaiḥ pṛthak
brahmasūtrapadaiś caiva hetumadbhir viniścitaiḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The verse has no finite verb. The hearing he ordered in 13.4 is what these instrumentals describe.
The verse
It has been sung in many ways by the seers, separately by the various meters, and by the reasoned, settled statements of the Brahma-sūtra (ब्रह्म-सूत्र).
नेपालीमा
यो ऋषिहरूले धेरै प्रकारले गाएका छन्, विविध छन्दले अलग अलग, र ब्रह्मसूत्रका युक्तियुक्त निश्चित वचनले पनि।
Where it sits
Before the brief list, he sets the account beside older speech, the seers, the meters, and the Brahma-sūtra (ब्रह्म-सूत्र), so that samāsena (समासेन) in 13.4 is his short form of a telling already sung.
Split: ऋषिभिः + बहुधा + गीतम् + छन्दोभिः + विविधैः + पृथक् + ब्रह्म-सूत्र-पदैः + च + एव + हेतुमद्भिः + विनिश्चितैः
ṛṣibhiḥ + bahudhā + gītam + chandobhiḥ + vividhaiḥ + pṛthak + brahma-sūtra-padaiḥ + ca + eva + hetumadbhiḥ + viniścitaiḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ऋषिभिः | ṛṣibhiḥ | instrumental plural of ṛṣi (ऋषि) | by the seers. Recited ṛṣibhir (ऋषिभिर्). |
| बहुधा | bahudhā | indeclinable | in many ways. |
| गीतम् | gītam | nominative singular neuter, past participle of gai (गै) | sung. |
| छन्दोभिः | chandobhiḥ | instrumental plural of chandas (छन्दस्) | by the meters. The metrical hymns. Recited chandobhir (छन्दोभिर्). |
| विविधैः | vividhaiḥ | instrumental plural | various. Agrees with chandobhiḥ (छन्दोभिः). |
| पृथक् | pṛthak | indeclinable | separately. Each apart. |
| ब्रह्म-सूत्र-पदैः | brahma-sūtra-padaiḥ | instrumental plural | by the statements of the Brahma-sūtra (ब्रह्म-सूत्र), the short sentences on Brahman (ब्रह्म). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| हेतुमद्भिः | hetumadbhiḥ | instrumental plural of hetumat (हेतुमत्) | by those that have reasons. Recited hetumadbhir (हेतुमद्भिर्). |
| विनिश्चितैः | viniścitaiḥ | instrumental plural | settled. Ascertained. Agrees with brahma-sūtra-padaiḥ (ब्रह्म-सूत्र-पदैः). |
The phrases
ऋषिभिः बहुधा गीतम् ṛṣibhir bahudhā gītam says the account has already been sung, in many ways, by the seers. gītam (गीतम्) agrees with the tat (तत्) he told Arjuna (अर्जुन) to hear.
छन्दोभिः विविधैः पृथक् chandobhir vividhaiḥ pṛthak is a second group of singers. By the various meters, each separately.
ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैः च एव हेतुमद्भिः विनिश्चितैः brahmasūtrapadaiś ca eva hetumadbhiḥ viniścitaiḥ is the third. And by the statements of the Brahma-sūtra (ब्रह्म-सूत्र), the ones that carry reasons and are settled. पदैः + च + एव padaiḥ + ca + eva is recited padaiś caiva (पदैश्चैव).
Sanskrit in this line
Visarga after i (इ), before a voiced consonant, becomes r (र्). ऋषिभिः + बहुधा ṛṣibhiḥ + bahudhā is ṛṣibhir bahudhā (ऋषिभिर्बहुधा). The same change makes chandobhir vividhaiḥ (छन्दोभिर्विविधैः) and hetumadbhir viniścitaiḥ (हेतुमद्भिर्विनिश्चितैः).
Say it back
Name the three who have already sung it. If gītam (गीतम्) comes out as a new doctrine he is inventing on the spot, stay here.