13.7
इच्छा द्वेषः सुखं दुःखं संघातश्चेतना धृतिः ।
एतत्क्षेत्रं समासेन सविकारमुदाहृतम् ॥
icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ
etat kṣetraṃ samāsena savikāram udāhṛtam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Desire, hatred, pleasure, pain, the aggregate, awareness, and steadiness: this field, with its modifications, has been stated in brief.
नेपालीमा
इच्छा, घृणा, सुख, दुःख, समष्टि, चेतना र स्थिरता, यो क्षेत्र आफ्ना विकारसहित संक्षेपमा भनिएको छ।
Where it sits
The promise of 13.4, to say the field in brief, ends here with the same instrumental samāsena (समासेन), the knower left off the list, so that knowledge, as a list of qualities, can begin at 13.8.
Split: इच्छा + द्वेषः + सुखम् + दुःखम् + संघातः + चेतना + धृतिः + एतत् + क्षेत्रम् + समासेन + स-विकारम् + उदाहृतम्
icchā + dveṣaḥ + sukham + duḥkham + saṃghātaḥ + cetanā + dhṛtiḥ + etat + kṣetram + samāsena + sa-vikāram + udāhṛtam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| इच्छा | icchā | nominative singular | desire. Wishing. |
| द्वेषः | dveṣaḥ | nominative singular | hatred. Aversion. |
| सुखम् | sukham | nominative singular | pleasure. |
| दुःखम् | duḥkham | nominative singular | pain. |
| संघातः | saṃghātaḥ | nominative singular | the aggregate. The elements gathered into one mass. Recited saṃghātaś (संघातश्). |
| चेतना | cetanā | nominative singular | awareness. Sentience. |
| धृतिः | dhṛtiḥ | nominative singular | steadiness. The holding-on. |
| एतत् | etat | nominative singular neuter | this. |
| क्षेत्रम् | kṣetram | nominative singular neuter | the field. |
| समासेन | samāsena | instrumental singular | in brief. The same word as in 13.4. |
| स-विकारम् | sa-vikāram | nominative singular neuter | together with its modifications. sa- (स-) is "with." Agrees with kṣetram (क्षेत्रम्). |
| उदाहृतम् | udāhṛtam | nominative singular neuter, past participle of उद्-आ-हृ ud-ā-hṛ | declared. Set out. |
The phrases
icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkham (इच्छा द्वेषः सुखं दुःखम्) is the first of the changes. Desire and hatred, pleasure and pain. They were the vikāri (विकारि) he named in 13.4.
saṃghātaḥ cetanā dhṛtiḥ (संघातः चेतना धृतिः) finishes that line. The aggregate, awareness, and steadiness. संघातः + चेतना saṃghātaḥ + cetanā is recited saṃghātaś cetanā (संघातश्चेतना).
एतत् क्षेत्रं समासेन सविकारम् उदाहृतम् etat kṣetraṃ samāsena savikāram udāhṛtam closes the account. This field, with its modifications, has been stated in brief. The pieces of 13.6 and the changes of this first line are one statement.
Sanskrit in this line
aḥ (अः) before the voiceless c (च्) becomes aś (अश्). संघातः + चेतना saṃghātaḥ + cetanā is saṃghātaś cetanā (संघातश्चेतना).
The sa- (स-) on sa-vikāram (स-विकारम्) means "with." It is the prefix, not the pronoun saḥ (सः) of 13.4.
Say it back
Say the changes, then the closing. If sa-vikāram (स-विकारम्) comes out as a second field beside the first, stay here. The modifications belong to this field.