13.28
समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु तिष्ठन्तं परमेश्वरम् ।
विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तं यः पश्यति स पश्यति ॥
samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaram
vinaśyatsv avinaśyantaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Who sees the supreme lord standing the same in all beings, not perishing among those that perish, he sees.
नेपालीमा
जसले सर्वोच्च प्रभुलाई सबै प्राणीमा समान उभिएको, नाश हुनेहरूका बीच ननाशिने देख्छ, उसले देख्छ।
Where it sits
This is the seeing the chapter has been building, the supreme lord standing the same in beings that perish, and 13.29 says that seer does not wound the self by the self.
Split: समम् + सर्वेषु + भूतेषु + तिष्ठन्तम् + परम-ईश्वरम् + विनश्यत्सु + अविनश्यन्तम् + यः + पश्यति + सः + पश्यति
samam + sarveṣu + bhūteṣu + tiṣṭhantam + parama-īśvaram + vinaśyatsu + avinaśyantam + yaḥ + paśyati + saḥ + paśyati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| समम् | samam | accusative singular neuter | the same. Equally. Agrees with parama-īśvaram (परम-ईश्वरम्). |
| सर्वेषु | sarveṣu | locative plural | in all. |
| भूतेषु | bhūteṣu | locative plural | in beings. |
| तिष्ठन्तम् | tiṣṭhantam | accusative singular, present participle of sthā (स्था) | standing. |
| परम-ईश्वरम् | parama-īśvaram | accusative singular | the supreme lord. Recited parameśvaram (परमेश्वरम्). |
| विनश्यत्सु | vinaśyatsu | locative plural, present participle of vi-naś (वि-नश्) | among those that perish. In the perishing. |
| अविनश्यन्तम् | avinaśyantam | accusative singular, present participle | not perishing. Agrees with parama-īśvaram (परम-ईश्वरम्). |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| पश्यति | paśyati | present, 3rd singular | sees. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. Recited sa (स). |
| पश्यति | paśyati | present, 3rd singular | sees. The verdict. |
The phrases
samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaram (समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु तिष्ठन्तं परमेश्वरम्) is what is seen. The supreme lord, standing the same in all beings. samam (समम्) describes the lord, not a mood of the seer. परम + ईश्वरम् parama + īśvaram is parameśvaram (परमेश्वरम्): अ + ई a + ī becomes e (ए).
vinaśyatsu avinaśyantam (विनश्यत्सु अविनश्यन्तम्) keeps him from dying when they die. Not perishing among those that perish. विनश्यत्सु + अविनश्यन्तम् vinaśyatsu + avinaśyantam is vinaśyatsv avinaśyantam (विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तम्).
yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati (यः पश्यति स पश्यति) is the verdict. Who sees, he sees. The second paśyati (पश्यति) is not a second act. It says that this seeing is seeing.
Sanskrit in this line
विनश्यत्सु + अविनश्यन्तम् vinaśyatsu + avinaśyantam is vinaśyatsv avinaśyantam (विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तम्). The locative plural ending --su (सु) meets a vowel, and u (उ) becomes v (व्). You hear sva (स्व), and you split it back to सु + अ su + a.
The participle that perishes is locative plural, the beings. The participle that does not perish is accusative singular, the lord. vinaśyat (विनश्यत्) is the weak stem, used before the consonant ending --su (सु). avinaśyantam (अविनश्यन्तम्) is the strong stem, with the n (न्) kept before the vowel ending.
Say it back
Say whom he sees, and that the lord is the same in all. If samam (समम्) comes out as a mood of the seer, stay here. yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati (यः पश्यति स पश्यति): the second seeing is the verdict.