13.30
प्रकृत्यैव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशः ।
यः पश्यति तथात्मानमकर्तारं स पश्यति ॥
prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ
yaḥ paśyati tathātmānam akartāraṃ sa paśyati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Who sees actions being done in every way by nature alone, and so sees the self as the non-doer, he sees.
नेपालीमा
जसले कर्महरू हरेक प्रकारले प्रकृतिले मात्र गरिरहेको देख्छ, र त्यसरी आत्मालाई अकर्ता देख्छ, उसले देख्छ।
Where it sits
13.21 gave doing to nature, and this verse makes that the test of sight, actions done by nature alone and the self as non-doer, with the same verdict sa paśyati (स पश्यति) as in 13.28.
Split: प्रकृत्या + एव + च + कर्माणि + क्रियमाणानि + सर्वशः + यः + पश्यति + तथा + आत्मानम् + अकर्तारम् + सः + पश्यति
prakṛtyā + eva + ca + karmāṇi + kriyamāṇāni + sarvaśaḥ + yaḥ + paśyati + tathā + ātmānam + akartāram + saḥ + paśyati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रकृत्या | prakṛtyā | instrumental singular | by nature. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | alone. Just. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| कर्माणि | karmāṇi | nominative plural neuter | actions. |
| क्रियमाणानि | kriyamāṇāni | nominative plural neuter, present passive participle of kṛ (कृ) | being done. Agrees with karmāṇi (कर्माणि). |
| सर्वशः | sarvaśaḥ | indeclinable | in every way. Wholly. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| पश्यति | paśyati | present, 3rd singular | sees. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and so. Likewise. |
| आत्मानम् | ātmānam | accusative singular | the self. |
| अकर्तारम् | akartāram | accusative singular of akartṛ (अकर्तृ) | the non-doer. Agrees with ātmānam (आत्मानम्). |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. Recited sa (स). |
| पश्यति | paśyati | present, 3rd singular | sees. The same verdict as in 13.28. |
The phrases
prakṛtyā eva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ (प्रकृत्या एव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशः) is the doing. Actions being done, in every way, by nature alone. प्रकृत्या + एव prakṛtyā + eva is prakṛtyaiva (प्रकृत्यैव). The instrumental is nature as the means. The passive participle says the actions are what is done, not what the self does.
यः पश्यति तथा आत्मानम् अकर्तारम् yaḥ paśyati tathā ātmānam akartāram is the second object of the same seeing. And so he sees the self as the non-doer. तथा + आत्मानम् tathā + ātmānam is tathātmānam (तथात्मानम्).
sa paśyati (स पश्यति) is the verdict again. He sees.
Sanskrit in this line
प्रकृत्या + एव prakṛtyā + eva is prakṛtyaiva (प्रकृत्यैव). आ + ए ā + e becomes ai (ऐ). The instrumental ending --ā (आ) of the ā (आ)-stem prakṛti (प्रकृति) is still there after the join.
akartāram (अकर्तारम्) is kartṛ (कर्तृ) with the negative a- (अ-), in the accusative. The agent suffix --tṛ (तृ) takes --āram (आरम्) in the accusative singular.
Say it back
Say who does the actions, and what the self is. If akartāram (अकर्तारम्) comes out as "the doer," stay here. The a- (अ-) is the whole point.