14.11
सर्वद्वारेषु देहेऽस्मिन्
प्रकाश उपजायते ।
ज्ञानं यदा तदा विद्याद्
विवृद्धं सत्त्वमित्युत ॥
sarvadvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate
jñānaṃ yadā tadā vidyād vivṛddhaṃ sattvam ity uta
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
When light, which is knowledge, arises in all the gates of this body, then one should know that sattva (सत्त्व) has grown strong.
नेपालीमा
जब यो शरीरका सबै ढोकामा ज्ञान रूपको उज्यालो उठ्छ, तब सत्त्व बढेको हो भनेर जान्नुपर्छ।
Where it sits
14.10 said one strand prevails when it has overpowered the other two, and this verse gives the sign of the first: light in every gate of the body means sattva (सत्त्व) has grown.
Split: सर्व-द्वारेषु + देहे + अस्मिन् + प्रकाशः + उपजायते + ज्ञानम् + यदा + तदा + विद्यात् + विवृद्धम् + सत्त्वम् + इति + उत
sarva-dvāreṣu + dehe + asmin + prakāśaḥ + upajāyate + jñānam + yadā + tadā + vidyāt + vivṛddham + sattvam + iti + uta
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सर्व-द्वारेषु | sarva-dvāreṣu | locative plural | in all the gates. dvāra (द्वार) is a door of the body. |
| देहे | dehe | locative singular | in the body. |
| अस्मिन् | asmin | locative masculine | in this. Agrees with dehe (देहे). |
| प्रकाशः | prakāśaḥ | nominative | light. |
| उपजायते | upajāyate | present, 3rd singular, middle | arises. upa-jan (उप-जन्). |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | nominative neuter | knowledge. The same light, named again. |
| यदा | yadā | indeclinable | when. |
| तदा | tadā | indeclinable | then. |
| विद्यात् | vidyāt | optative, 3rd singular | one should know. vid (विद्). |
| विवृद्धम् | vivṛddham | accusative neuter | grown strong. Agrees with sattvam (सत्त्वम्). |
| सत्त्वम् | sattvam | accusative neuter | sattva (सत्त्व). |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It closes what one should know. |
| उत | uta | indeclinable | and. |
The phrases
sarva-dvāreṣu dehe asmin prakāśaḥ upajāyate (सर्व-द्वारेषु देहे अस्मिन् प्रकाशः उपजायते) is the sign you can see. Light comes up in every gate of this body. jñānam (ज्ञानम्) names that light: it is knowledge, not a lamp.
यदा तदा विद्यात् विवृद्धं सत्त्वम् इति yadā tadā vidyāt vivṛddhaṃ sattvam iti is what to make of the sign. When that happens, one should know this: sattva (सत्त्व) has grown strong. iti (इति) brackets vivṛddhaṃ sattvam (विवृद्धं सत्त्वम्). uta (उत) leaves the door open for the other two strands.
Sanskrit in this line
vidyāt (विद्यात्) is a verb. It is the optative of vid (विद्), "one should know," third person singular. It is not the ablative of vidyā (विद्या), "from knowledge." The quarter break makes it look even more like a noun: विद्यात् + विवृद्धम् vidyāt + vivṛddham is recited vidyād vivṛddham (विद्याद्विवृद्धम्), because t (त्) before v (व्) becomes d (द्). Put the verb back. The content of the knowing is विवृद्धं सत्त्वम् इति vivṛddhaṃ sattvam iti.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the sign, then what one should know. If vidyāt (विद्यात्) comes out as "from knowledge," stay here.