14.12
लोभः प्रवृत्तिरारम्भः
कर्मणामशमः स्पृहा ।
रजस्येतानि जायन्ते
विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ ॥
lobhaḥ pravṛttir ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśamaḥ spṛhā
rajasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe bharatarṣabha
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Greed, activity, the undertaking of actions, unrest, and craving arise when rajas (रजस्) has grown strong, bull of the Bharatas.
नेपालीमा
लोभ, प्रवृत्ति, कर्मको थालनी, अशान्ति र लालसा तब उठ्छन् जब रजस् बढेको हुन्छ, हे भरतहरूका वृषभ।
Where it sits
14.11 was the sign of sattva (सत्त्व). This is the sign of rajas (रजस्), and it is a list of what starts up in the person, not a light in the gates.
Split: लोभः + प्रवृत्तिः + आरम्भः + कर्मणाम् + अशमः + स्पृहा + रजसि + एतानि + जायन्ते + विवृद्धे + भरत-ऋषभ
lobhaḥ + pravṛttiḥ + ārambhaḥ + karmaṇām + aśamaḥ + spṛhā + rajasi + etāni + jāyante + vivṛddhe + bharata-ṛṣabha
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| लोभः | lobhaḥ | nominative | greed. |
| प्रवृत्तिः | pravṛttiḥ | nominative feminine | activity. The going outward into doing. |
| आरम्भः | ārambhaḥ | nominative | undertaking. A beginning of work. |
| कर्मणाम् | karmaṇām | genitive plural | of actions. Depends on ārambhaḥ (आरम्भः). |
| अशमः | aśamaḥ | nominative | unrest. śama (शम) is peace. a- (अ-) takes it away. |
| स्पृहा | spṛhā | nominative feminine | craving. |
| रजसि | rajasi | locative neuter | in rajas (रजस्). When rajas (रजस्). |
| एतानि | etāni | nominative plural neuter | these. The list, gathered as one set. |
| जायन्ते | jāyante | present, 3rd plural, middle | they arise. |
| विवृद्धे | vivṛddhe | locative neuter | grown strong. Agrees with rajasi (रजसि). |
| भरत-ऋषभ | bharata-ṛṣabha | vocative | bull of the Bharatas. ṛṣabha (ऋषभ) is the bull, the best of the herd. |
The phrases
लोभः प्रवृत्तिः आरम्भः कर्मणाम् अशमः स्पृहा lobhaḥ pravṛttiḥ ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśamaḥ spṛhā is the list. Greed, activity, the undertaking of actions, unrest, and craving. Five signs. karmaṇām (कर्मणाम्) belongs with ārambhaḥ (आरम्भः), "the starting of actions," not with the next word.
rajasi etāni jāyante vivṛddhe (रजसि एतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे) says when the list appears. When rajas (रजस्) has grown strong, these arise. bharata-ṛṣabha (भरत-ऋषभ) calls him.
Sanskrit in this line
rajasi vivṛddhe (रजसि विवृद्धे) is a locative absolute. Two locatives, the noun and the participle, agree. They are not the place of jāyante (जायन्ते). They set the time: when rajas (रजस्) is grown strong. The things that arise are the nominatives. The absolute is the condition they arise under.
Say it back
Cover the English. Give the five signs, then the condition. If karmaṇām (कर्मणाम्) is left off ārambhaḥ (आरम्भः), the undertaking has nothing it undertakes. Stay here.