14.13

अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्च
प्रमादो मोह एव च ।
तमस्येतानि जायन्ते
विवृद्धे कुरुनन्दन ॥

aprakāśo 'pravṛttiś ca pramādo moha eva ca
tamasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe kurunandana

Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).

The verse

Not-light and not-activity, negligence and delusion, arise when tamas (तमस्) has grown strong, joy of the Kurus.

नेपालीमा

उज्यालो नहुनु र प्रवृत्ति नहुनु, प्रमाद र मोह तब उठ्छन् जब तमस् बढेको हुन्छ, हे कुरुहरूका आनन्द।

Where it sits

The three signs are complete: light for sattva (सत्त्व), the restless list for rajas (रजस्), and this dark list for tamas (तमस्).

Split: अप्रकाशः + अप्रवृत्तिः + च + प्रमादः + मोहः + एव + च + तमसि + एतानि + जायन्ते + विवृद्धे + कुरु-नन्दन

aprakāśaḥ + apravṛttiḥ + ca + pramādaḥ + mohaḥ + eva + ca + tamasi + etāni + jāyante + vivṛddhe + kuru-nandana

Sanskrit, in depth

The words

देवनागरी	Word	Grammar	Sense
अप्रकाशः	aprakāśaḥ	nominative	not-light. The absence of the light of 14.11.
अप्रवृत्तिः	apravṛttiḥ	nominative feminine	not-activity. The absence of the pravṛtti (प्रवृत्ति) of 14.12.
च	ca	indeclinable	and.
प्रमादः	pramādaḥ	nominative	negligence.
मोहः	mohaḥ	nominative	delusion.
एव	eva	indeclinable	indeed.
च	ca	indeclinable	and.
तमसि	tamasi	locative neuter	in tamas (तमस्). When tamas (तमस्).
एतानि	etāni	nominative plural neuter	these.
जायन्ते	jāyante	present, 3rd plural, middle	they arise.
विवृद्धे	vivṛddhe	locative neuter	grown strong. Agrees with tamasi (तमसि).
कुरु-नन्दन	kuru-nandana	vocative	joy of the Kurus.

The phrases

aprakāśaḥ apravṛttiḥ ca pramādaḥ mohaḥ eva ca (अप्रकाशः अप्रवृत्तिः च प्रमादः मोहः एव च) is the list for the dark strand. Not-light, not-activity, negligence, and delusion. The first two are the absences of what the other strands show. The last two are what fills the gap.

tamasi etāni jāyante vivṛddhe (तमसि एतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे) is the same shape as 14.12. When tamas (तमस्) has grown strong, these arise. kuru-nandana (कुरु-नन्दन) calls him.

Sanskrit in this line

अप्रकाशः + अप्रवृत्तिः aprakāśaḥ + apravṛttiḥ is recited aprakāśo 'pravṛttiḥ (अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिः). अः + अ aḥ + a becomes o (ओ), and the a (अ) of apravṛttiḥ (अप्रवृत्तिः) is dropped. The dropped a (अ) is the avagraha. It is the negative prefix of the second word. Leave it out and you have recited pravṛttiḥ (प्रवृत्तिः), activity, which is the sign of rajas (रजस्), not of tamas (तमस्).

Say it back

Cover the English. Say the four signs. If the avagraha is skipped and apravṛttiḥ (अप्रवृत्तिः) becomes pravṛttiḥ (प्रवृत्तिः), stay here.