14.14
यदा सत्त्वे प्रवृद्धे तु
प्रलयं याति देहभृत् ।
तदोत्तमविदां लोकान्
अमलान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥
yadā sattve pravṛddhe tu pralayaṃ yāti dehabhṛt
tadottamavidāṃ lokān amalān pratipadyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
When sattva (सत्त्व) has grown strong and the body-bearer goes to dissolution, then he attains the stainless worlds of those who know the highest.
नेपालीमा
जब सत्त्व बढेको हुन्छ र देह बोक्ने प्रलयमा जान्छ, तब ऊ सर्वोच्च जान्नेहरूका दागरहित लोक पाउँछ।
Where it sits
The signs were for the living man, and this is the first of the deaths: dying while sattva (सत्त्व) prevails has a destination.
Split: यदा + सत्त्वे + प्रवृद्धे + तु + प्रलयम् + याति + देह-भृत् + तदा + उत्तम-विदाम् + लोकान् + अमलान् + प्रतिपद्यते
yadā + sattve + pravṛddhe + tu + pralayam + yāti + deha-bhṛt + tadā + uttama-vidām + lokān + amalān + pratipadyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यदा | yadā | indeclinable | when. |
| सत्त्वे | sattve | locative neuter | in sattva (सत्त्व). When sattva (सत्त्व). |
| प्रवृद्धे | pravṛddhe | locative neuter | grown strong. Agrees with sattve (सत्त्वे). pra (प्र) where 14.11 used vi (वि). |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | and. |
| प्रलयम् | pralayam | accusative | dissolution. Here, the death of this body-bearer. |
| याति | yāti | present, 3rd singular | goes. |
| देह-भृत् | deha-bhṛt | nominative | the body-bearer. bhṛt (भृत्) is "who bears." |
| तदा | tadā | indeclinable | then. |
| उत्तम-विदाम् | uttama-vidām | genitive plural | of those who know the highest. vid (विद्) at the end of a compound is the knower. |
| लोकान् | lokān | accusative plural | worlds. |
| अमलान् | amalān | accusative plural | stainless. Agrees with lokān (लोकान्). mala (मल) is stain. |
| प्रतिपद्यते | pratipadyate | present, 3rd singular, middle | he attains. prati-pad (प्रति-पद्). |
The phrases
yadā sattve pravṛddhe tu pralayaṃ yāti deha-bhṛt (यदा सत्त्वे प्रवृद्धे तु प्रलयं याति देह-भृत्) joins the sign to a death. When sattva (सत्त्व) has grown strong, and the body-bearer goes to dissolution. pravṛddhe (प्रवृद्धे) is the same "grown strong" as vivṛddhe (विवृद्धे) in 14.11. The prefix has changed. The sense has not.
तदा उत्तम-विदाम् लोकान् अमलान् प्रतिपद्यते tadā uttama-vidām lokān amalān pratipadyate is where he arrives. The stainless worlds of those who know the highest. uttama-vidām (उत्तम-विदाम्) is a genitive, "of the knowers." It does not say he becomes those knowers. It says whose worlds he reaches.
Sanskrit in this line
yadā (यदा) and tadā (तदा) bracket a locative absolute, the same shape as 14.12. sattve pravṛddhe (सत्त्वे प्रवृद्धे) is "when sattva (सत्त्व) is grown strong." The finite verb inside that "when" is yāti (याति), "the body-bearer goes." The absolute is the condition. The going is the event. tadā (तदा) opens the result, pratipadyate (प्रतिपद्यते).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the condition of the death, then the worlds. If amalān (अमलान्) is said of the body-bearer, stay here. The worlds are what is stainless.