16.2
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधस्त्यागः शान्तिरपैशुनम् ।
दया भूतेष्वलोलुप्त्वं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhas tyāgaḥ śāntir apaiśunam
dayā bhūteṣv aloluptvaṃ mārdavaṃ hrīr acāpalam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues the same list, still with no verb of its own.
The verse
He names non-harm, truth, absence of anger, relinquishment, peace, absence of slander, compassion toward beings, absence of greed, gentleness, modesty, and steadiness.
नेपालीमा
ऊ अहिंसा, सत्य, क्रोध नहुनु, त्याग, शान्ति, परनिन्दा नगर्नु, प्राणीप्रति दया, लोभ नहुनु, कोमलता, लाज र स्थिरताको नाम लिन्छ।
Where it sits
The list that began in 16.1 is still open, and nothing has been called divine yet. The next verse gives the verb and the name of the endowment these nominatives belong to.
Split: अहिंसा + सत्यम् + अक्रोधः + त्यागः + शान्तिः + अपैशुनम् + दया + भूतेषु + अलोलुप्त्वम् + मार्दवम् + ह्रीः + अचापलम्
ahiṃsā + satyam + akrodhaḥ + tyāgaḥ + śāntiḥ + apaiśunam + dayā + bhūteṣu + aloluptvam + mārdavam + hrīḥ + acāpalam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अहिंसा | ahiṃsā | nominative singular | non-harm. |
| सत्यम् | satyam | nominative singular neuter | truth. |
| अक्रोधः | akrodhaḥ | nominative singular | absence of anger. |
| त्यागः | tyāgaḥ | nominative singular | relinquishment. The letting-go. |
| शान्तिः | śāntiḥ | nominative singular | peace. Quiet. |
| अपैशुनम् | apaiśunam | nominative singular neuter | absence of slander. Not carrying tales. paiśuna (पैशुन) is tale-bearing. |
| दया | dayā | nominative singular | compassion. |
| भूतेषु | bhūteṣu | locative plural | toward beings. In creatures. The locative dayā (दया) takes. |
| अलोलुप्त्वम् | aloluptvam | nominative singular neuter | absence of greed. lolupa (लोलुप) is covetous. --tva (त्व) makes the state. |
| मार्दवम् | mārdavam | nominative singular neuter | gentleness. From mṛdu (मृदु), "soft." |
| ह्रीः | hrīḥ | nominative singular | modesty. The shame that keeps one from a wrong act. |
| अचापलम् | acāpalam | nominative singular neuter | absence of fickleness. Steadiness. capala (चपल) is unsteady. |
The phrases
अहिंसा सत्यम् अक्रोधः त्यागः शान्तिः अपैशुनम् ahiṃsā satyam akrodhaḥ tyāgaḥ śāntiḥ apaiśunam is the next six nominatives. Non-harm, truth, absence of anger, relinquishment, peace, absence of slander. akrodhaḥ (अक्रोधः) will meet its opposite, krodhaḥ (क्रोधः), when the demonic list is named.
dayā bhūteṣu aloluptvam mārdavam hrīḥ acāpalam (दया भूतेषु अलोलुप्त्वम् मार्दवम् ह्रीः अचापलम्) finishes the half. Compassion toward beings, then absence of greed, gentleness, modesty, steadiness. bhūteṣu (भूतेषु) belongs with dayā (दया). It is not a new item on the list.
Sanskrit in this line
hrīḥ (ह्रीः) plus acāpalam (अचापलम्) is recited hrīr acāpalam (ह्रीरचापलम्). Visarga after ī (ई), before a vowel, becomes r (र्), and the following vowel joins. śāntiḥ (शान्तिः) plus apaiśunam (अपैशुनम्) is the same change after i (इ): śāntir apaiśunam (शान्तिरपैशुनम्). Two words each time. Do not recite ह्रीर hrīr as if the modesty and the steadiness were one noun.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the pair dayā bhūteṣu (दया भूतेषु) and the absence that follows it. If aloluptvam (अलोलुप्त्वम्) comes out as greed, stay here. The a (अ) is the whole point of the word.