16.4
दम्भो दर्पोऽभिमानश्च क्रोधः पारुष्यमेव च ।
अज्ञानं चाभिजातस्य पार्थ सम्पदमासुरीम् ॥
dambho darpo 'bhimānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca
ajñānaṃ cābhijātasya pārtha sampadam āsurīm
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) names the other endowment, and the verb is still bhavanti (भवन्ति) from 16.3.
The verse
Hypocrisy, arrogance, self-conceit, anger, and harshness, and ignorance, Pārtha (पार्थ), are the demonic endowment of one born to it.
नेपालीमा
ढोंग, हेप्ने घमण्ड, आत्मअभिमान, क्रोध र कठोरता, र अज्ञान, हे पार्थ, त्यसतर्फ जन्मेको व्यक्तिको आसुरी सम्पद् हुन्।
Where it sits
The divine list took three verses, and the demonic list takes this one verse as its reverse. He has named what that mind is born to, and the way it talks is still ahead.
Split: दम्भः + दर्पः + अभिमानः + च + क्रोधः + पारुष्यम् + एव + च + अज्ञानम् + च + अभिजातस्य + पार्थ + सम्पदम् + आसुरीम्
dambhaḥ + darpaḥ + abhimānaḥ + ca + krodhaḥ + pāruṣyam + eva + ca + ajñānam + ca + abhijātasya + pārtha + sampadam + āsurīm
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| दम्भः | dambhaḥ | nominative singular | hypocrisy. The show of virtue. |
| दर्पः | darpaḥ | nominative singular | arrogance. Insolence that looks down. |
| अभिमानः | abhimānaḥ | nominative singular | self-conceit. The regard that sets oneself above. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| क्रोधः | krodhaḥ | nominative singular | anger. |
| पारुष्यम् | pāruṣyam | nominative singular neuter | harshness. Roughness of speech and of conduct. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. It presses pāruṣyam (पारुष्यम्). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अज्ञानम् | ajñānam | nominative singular neuter | ignorance. Not-knowing. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अभिजातस्य | abhijātasya | genitive singular | of one born to it. The same genitive as in 16.3. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | Pārtha (पार्थ). Son of Pṛthā (पृथा). Arjuna. |
| सम्पदम् | sampadam | accusative singular | the endowment. |
| आसुरीम् | āsurīm | accusative singular feminine | demonic. Agrees with sampadam (सम्पदम्). Of the asura (असुर). |
The phrases
दम्भः दर्पः अभिमानः च क्रोधः पारुष्यम् एव च dambhaḥ darpaḥ abhimānaḥ ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca is the opposite list. Hypocrisy, arrogance, self-conceit, anger, and harshness. Where 16.2 had akrodhaḥ (अक्रोधः), this line has krodhaḥ (क्रोधः).
अज्ञानम् च अभिजातस्य पार्थ सम्पदम् आसुरीम् ajñānam ca abhijātasya pārtha sampadam āsurīm adds ignorance and names the endowment. The construction is the one 16.3 already used: these are the endowment of the one born to it. The adjective has changed from daivīm (दैवीम्) to āsurīm (आसुरीम्).
Sanskrit in this line
दम्भः + दर्पः dambhaḥ + darpaḥ is recited dambho darpaḥ (दम्भो दर्पः). aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant becomes o (ओ), and the next word keeps its own vowel. दर्पः + अभिमानः darpaḥ + abhimānaḥ is recited darpo 'bhimānaḥ (दर्पोऽभिमानः). अः + अ aḥ + a becomes o (ओ), and ऽ marks the a (अ) that was lost. Same visarga, and the avagraha appears only when the next sound is a (अ).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the five that stand against the divine list: hypocrisy, arrogance, self-conceit, anger, harshness. If krodhaḥ (क्रोधः) comes out as the absence of anger, you have gone back to 16.2.