17.15
अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत् ।
स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते ॥
anudvegakaraṃ vākyaṃ satyaṃ priyahitaṃ ca yat
svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ caiva vāṅmayaṃ tapa ucyate
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. This is the austerity of speech.
The verse
Speech that causes no distress, that is true, and that is pleasant and beneficial, together with the practice of one's own recitation, is called the austerity of speech.
नेपालीमा
कसैलाई कष्ट नदिने, सत्य, मीठो र हित गर्ने वचन, र आफ्नै पाठको अभ्यास, वाणीको तप भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The body was worship, cleanliness, straightness, continence, and non-harm. Speech is a sentence with three marks, plus recitation. The mind is next, and silence will sit there, not here.
Split: अनुद्वेग-करम् + वाक्यम् + सत्यम् + प्रिय-हितम् + च + यत् + स्वाध्याय-अभ्यसनम् + च + एव + वाङ्-मयम् + तपः + उच्यते
anudvega-karam + vākyam + satyam + priya-hitam + ca + yat + svādhyāya-abhyasanam + ca + eva + vāṅ-mayam + tapaḥ + ucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अनुद्वेग-करम् | anudvega-karam | nominative singular neuter | causing no distress. उद्देग udvega "agitation," kara (कर) "making." The an (अन्) is the reversing prefix. Agrees with vākyam (वाक्यम्). |
| वाक्यम् | vākyam | nominative singular | speech, a sentence. |
| सत्यम् | satyam | nominative singular | true. |
| प्रिय-हितम् | priya-hitam | nominative singular | pleasant and beneficial. priya (प्रिय) "dear," hita (हित) "beneficial." |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| स्वाध्याय-अभ्यसनम् | svādhyāya-abhyasanam | nominative singular | the repeated practice of one's own recitation. svādhyāya (स्वाध्याय) is that recitation. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| वाङ्-मयम् | vāṅ-mayam | nominative singular neuter | made of speech. vāc (वाच्) "speech," with --maya (मय) "consisting of." Agrees with tapaḥ (तपः). |
| तपः | tapaḥ | nominative singular | austerity. |
| उच्यते | ucyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is called. |
The phrases
anudvegakaram vākyam satyam priyahitam ca yat (अनुद्वेगकरम् वाक्यम् सत्यम् प्रियहितम् च यत्) is the sentence that counts. Speech which causes no distress, which is true, and which is pleasant and beneficial. Three marks on one vākyam (वाक्यम्). yat (यत्) holds them.
स्वाध्यायअभ्यसनम् च एव svādhyāyābhyasanam ca eva is the second piece. The practice of one's own recitation, not a remark to someone else. Study said over, as austerity.
vāṅmayam tapaḥ ucyate (वाङ्मयम् तपः उच्यते) names the seat. This is called austerity made of speech. The same frame as śārīram tapaḥ ucyate (शारीरम् तपः उच्यते) in 17.14.
Sanskrit in this line
वाच् + मयम् vāc + mayam is recited vāṅmayam (वाङ्मयम्). The stem vāc (वाच्) ends in c (च्). Before the m (म्) of maya (मय), that c (च्) becomes ṅ (ङ्), written ṅma (ङ्म). The word is still "made of speech." A vāk (वाक्) read with a bare k (क्) has missed the join.
Say it back
The sentence with its three marks, then recitation, then vāṅmayam (वाङ्मयम्). If cleanliness or non-harm is in this list, you are still in 17.14.