18.27
रागी कर्मफलप्रेप्सुर्
लुब्धो हिंसात्मकोऽशुचिः ।
हर्षशोकान्वितः कर्ता
राजसः परिकीर्तितः ॥
rāgī karmaphalaprepsur lubdho hiṃsātmako 'śuciḥ
harṣaśokānvitaḥ kartā rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). This is the doer of rajas (रजस्).
The verse
The passionate doer, desiring the fruit of action, greedy, whose nature is injury, impure, accompanied by thrill and grief: he is declared rājasa (राजस).
नेपालीमा
कर्मको फल चाहने, लोभी, हिंसक स्वभावको, अशुद्ध, हर्ष र शोकसँग रहने रागले भरिएको कर्ता राजस भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
18.26 was unmoved in success and in failure, and this doer wants the fruit and is carried by thrill and by grief, as the act of 18.24 was. 18.28 is the last doer.
Split: रागी + कर्म-फल-प्रेप्सुः + लुब्धः + हिंसा-आत्मकः + अशुचिः + हर्ष-शोक-अन्वितः + कर्ता + राजसः + परिकीर्तितः
rāgī + karma-phala-prepsuḥ + lubdhaḥ + hiṃsā-ātmakaḥ + aśuciḥ + harṣa-śoka-anvitaḥ + kartā + rājasaḥ + parikīrtitaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| रागी | rāgī | nominative singular of rāgin (रागिन्) | the passionate one. One who has rāga (राग). |
| कर्म-फल-प्रेप्सुः | karma-phala-prepsuḥ | nominative singular | desiring to obtain the fruit of action. |
| लुब्धः | lubdhaḥ | nominative singular, past participle of lubh (लुभ्) | greedy. |
| हिंसा-आत्मकः | hiṃsā-ātmakaḥ | nominative singular | whose nature is injury. |
| अशुचिः | aśuciḥ | nominative singular | impure. |
| हर्ष-शोक-अन्वितः | harṣa-śoka-anvitaḥ | nominative singular | accompanied by thrill and by grief. |
| कर्ता | kartā | nominative singular | the doer. |
| राजसः | rājasaḥ | nominative singular | rājasa (राजस). |
| परिकीर्तितः | parikīrtitaḥ | nominative singular, past participle | is declared. |
The phrases
rāgī karma-phala-prepsuḥ (रागी कर्म-फल-प्रेप्सुः) is the man who wants, and who wants the fruit of the act. The quarter ends on the sandhi: prepsuḥ lubdhaḥ (प्रेप्सुः लुब्धः) is prepsur lubdhaḥ (प्रेप्सुर् लुब्धः).
lubdhaḥ hiṃsā-ātmakaḥ aśuciḥ (लुब्धः हिंसा-आत्मकः अशुचिः) piles three more: greedy, made of injury, impure. lubdhaḥ hiṃsā-ātmakaḥ (लुब्धः हिंसा-आत्मकः) is lubdho hiṃsātmakaḥ (लुब्धो हिंसात्मकः), and hiṃsā-ātmakaḥ aśuciḥ (हिंसा-आत्मकः अशुचिः) is hiṃsātmako 'śuciḥ (हिंसात्मकोऽशुचिः).
harṣa-śoka-anvitaḥ kartā (हर्ष-शोक-अन्वितः कर्ता) is the doer who rides thrill and grief. harṣa-śoka-anvitaḥ (हर्ष-शोक-अन्वितः) is harṣaśokānvitaḥ (हर्षशोकान्वितः). rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ (राजसः परिकीर्तितः) is the name.
Sanskrit in this line
uḥ (उः) before a voiced consonant becomes ur (उर्). karma-phala-prepsuḥ lubdhaḥ (कर्म-फल-प्रेप्सुः लुब्धः) is karmaphalaprepsur lubdhaḥ (कर्मफलप्रेप्सुर्लुब्धः). This is not the o (ओ) of an aḥ (अः) stem. prepsuḥ (प्रेप्सुः) ends in uḥ (उः). The r (र्) is the visarga showing itself before l (ल्). The quarter break puts prepsur (प्रेप्सुर्) at the end of the line and lubdho (लुब्धो) at the start of the next.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he desires, and the pair that accompanies him. If harṣa (हर्ष) comes without śoka (शोक), stay here.