18.75
व्यासप्रसादाच्छ्रुतवान्
एतद्गुह्यमहं परम् ।
योगं योगेश्वरात्कृष्णात्
साक्षात्कथयतः स्वयम् ॥
vyāsaprasādāc chrutavān etad guhyam ahaṃ param
yogaṃ yogeśvarāt kṛṣṇāt sākṣāt kathayataḥ svayam
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) is still speaking, to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र).
The verse
By the grace of Vyāsa (व्यास) I have heard this supreme secret, yoga, from Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), the lord of yoga, himself, directly, as he tells it.
नेपालीमा
व्यासको कृपाले मैले यो परम गुप्त योग, योगका स्वामी कृष्णबाट नै, सिधै, उहाँ आफैंले भन्दै गर्दा सुनेको छु।
Where it sits
Vyāsa's (व्यास) grace is how Sañjaya (सञ्जय) heard yoga from the mouth of Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) himself, and the next verses say what that memory does to him.
Split: व्यास-प्रसादात् + श्रुतवान् + एतत् + गुह्यम् + अहम् + परम् + योगम् + योग-ईश्वरात् + कृष्णात् + साक्षात् + कथयतः + स्वयम्
vyāsa-prasādāt + śrutavān + etat + guhyam + aham + param + yogam + yoga-īśvarāt + kṛṣṇāt + sākṣāt + kathayataḥ + svayam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| व्यास-प्रसादात् | vyāsa-prasādāt | ablative | by the grace of Vyāsa (व्यास). |
| श्रुतवान् | śrutavān | nominative of śrutavant (श्रुतवन्त्) | one who has heard. |
| एतत् | etat | accusative neuter | this. |
| गुह्यम् | guhyam | accusative neuter | secret. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| परम् | param | accusative neuter | supreme. Agrees with guhyam (गुह्यम्) and with yogam (योगम्). |
| योगम् | yogam | accusative | yoga. |
| योग-ईश्वरात् | yoga-īśvarāt | ablative | from the lord of yoga. |
| कृष्णात् | kṛṣṇāt | ablative | from Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). The same person. |
| साक्षात् | sākṣāt | indeclinable | directly, before the eyes. |
| कथयतः | kathayataḥ | ablative, present participle | from him as he speaks. From kathayati (कथयति), "he tells." |
| स्वयम् | svayam | indeclinable | himself. |
The phrases
vyāsaprasādāc chrutavān etad guhyam ahaṃ param (व्यासप्रसादाच्छ्रुतवानेतद्गुह्यमहं परम्) is the hearing, when the two quarters are joined. By Vyāsa's (व्यास) grace I have heard this supreme secret. śrutavān (श्रुतवान्) is the nominative, aham (अहम्) the person.
yogaṃ yogeśvarāt kṛṣṇāt sākṣāt kathayataḥ svayam (योगं योगेश्वरात्कृष्णात्साक्षात्कथयतः स्वयम्) is from whom, and what. Yoga, from Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), lord of yoga, himself, directly, as he tells it. Three ablatives name the source: the grace, the lord, and the speaker in the act of telling. kathayataḥ (कथयतः) agrees with kṛṣṇāt (कृष्णात्).
Sanskrit in this line
When the quarters are joined, श्रुतवान् + एतत् śrutavān + etat is recited śrutavānetat (श्रुतवानेतत्). ān (आन्) before e (ए) keeps the n (न्) as the start of the next syllable: vāne (वाने). प्रसादात् + श्रुतवान् prasādāt + śrutavān is prasādāc chrutavān (प्रसादाच्छ्रुतवान्), because t (त्) before ś (श्) becomes च्छ cch. एतत् + गुह्यम् etat + guhyam is etad guhyam (एतद्गुह्यम्), t (त्) voiced to d (द्) before g (ग्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say by whose grace, and from whom, he heard it. If he heard it as a rumor from the field, stay here.