3.8.18
Mīmāṃsā Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.8.18
ज्ञाते च वाचनं न ह्यविद्वान् विहितोऽस्ति
jñāte ca vācanaṃ na hy avidvān vihito 'sti
The line
In known and, a compound: or, and, and not, not. avidva (अविद्व), vihita (विहित), is.
Where it sits
In Mīmāṃsā (मीमांसा) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Śeṣa (शेष), the subsidiary. How you tell what serves a rite and what the rite serves. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: jñāte (ज्ञाते) + ca (च) + vā-ca-naṃ (वा-च-नं) + na (न) + hy (ह्य्) + avidvān (अविद्वान्) + vihito (विहितो) + asti (अस्ति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| jñāte (ज्ञाते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | known |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| vā-ca-naṃ (वा-च-नं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: or, and, and not. Read it from the end |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| hy (ह्य्) | indeclinable | for, indeed. hi before a vowel |
| avidvān (अविद्वान्) | accusative plural, masculine | avidva (अविद्व) |
| vihito (विहितो) | nominative singular, masculine | vihita (विहित) |
| asti (अस्ति) | present, third person singular | is |
The phrases
jñāte (ज्ञाते) is known. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. vā-ca-naṃ (वा-च-नं) is a compound: or, and, and not. Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable.
hy (ह्य्) is for, indeed. hi before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. avidvān (अविद्वान्) is avidva (अविद्व). It stands as accusative plural, masculine. vihito (विहितो) is vihita (विहित). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. asti (अस्ति) is is. It stands as present, third person singular. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Sanskrit in this line
vā-ca-naṃ (वा-च-नं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss jñāte (ज्ञाते) and vā-ca-naṃ (वा-च-नं).