Tattvārtha (तत्त्वार्थ) Sūtra (सूत्र)

Executive summary

The Tattvārtha (तत्त्वार्थ) Sūtra (सूत्र) is a nāstika (नास्तिक) book. The Veda is not its means of knowing. The path of release is three things together: right seeing, right knowing, and right conduct. There are many souls. What is not soul, the inflow of karma, bondage, stoppage, wearing away, and release complete the seven tattvas a later line names. Adhyāya (अध्याय) 1 here follows the Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) reading. Adhyāyas (अध्याय) 2 to 10 follow the Digambara pāṭha (पाठ). The chapter notes say where the two communities differ.

नेपालीमा

तत्त्वार्थसूत्र नास्तिक पुस्तक हो। वेद यसको प्रमाण होइन। मोक्षको मार्ग तीन कुरा सँगै हुन्: सम्यक् दर्शन, सम्यक् ज्ञान र सम्यक् चारित्र। जीव धेरै छन्। जीव नभएको अजीव, कर्मको आस्रव, बन्ध, संवर, निर्जरा र मोक्ष थपिएपछि पछिको एउटा पङ्क्तिले भन्ने सात तत्त्व पूरा हुन्छन्। यहाँ अध्याय १ श्वेताम्बर पढाइ हो। अध्याय २ देखि १० दिगम्बर पाठ हुन्। अध्यायका टिप्पणीले दुई समुदाय कहाँ फरक छन् भन्छन्।

This is a nāstika (नास्तिक) book. The Veda is not its pramāṇa (प्रमाण). The book is the Tattvārtha-sūtra (तत्त्वार्थ-सूत्र) of Umāsvāti (उमास्वाति), also called the Tattvārthādhigama-sūtra (तत्त्वार्थाधिगम-सूत्र). Both the Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) and the Digambara communities learn it. A few lines differ.

Adhyāya (अध्याय) 1 follows the Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) reading, and the chapter note names the Digambara difference. Adhyāyas (अध्याय) 2–10 are the Digambara pāṭha (पाठ) printed with the Sarvārthasiddhi (सर्वार्थसिद्धि). The count below is those ten adhyāyas (अध्याय). The opening of Adhyāya (अध्याय) 1, through 1.12, is written out by hand. From 1.13 on, the sitting is a gloss of the words in the line. Sūtra (सूत्र) 10.9 is taught with buddha (बुद्ध); the file writes that word with three d's, and the sitting says so.

The first line, samyagdarśanajñānacāritrāṇi (सम्यग्दर्शनज्ञानचारित्राणि) mokṣamārgaḥ (मोक्षमार्गः), is the same sentence in a Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) book and a Digambara (दिगम्बर) book. A Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) text, the one read with the Bhāṣya (भाष्य), is usually counted at 344 sūtras (सूत्र). A Digambara (दिगम्बर) text is counted at 357. This pāṭha (पाठ) has 359, and that number is the join of the two pāṭhas (पाठ) at a chapter boundary. Adhyāya (अध्याय) 1 here is the Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) 35. The Digambara (दिगम्बर) first adhyāya (अध्याय) has 33. The two lines this chapter keeps, which the Sarvārthasiddhi (सर्वार्थसिद्धि) leaves out of its own sūtras (सूत्र), are 1.21, dvividho 'vadhiḥ (द्विविधोऽवधिः), and 1.35, ādyaśabdau (आद्यशब्दौ) dvitribhedau (द्वित्रिभेदौ). Adhyāyas (अध्याय) 2–10 are the Digambara (दिगम्बर) 324. Thirty-three and 324 make the Digambara (दिगम्बर) 357. Thirty-five and 324 make this book's 359. The Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) recension words and divides the later adhyāyas (अध्याय) differently and counts fewer lines there. From Adhyāya (अध्याय) 2 on, this file follows the Digambara (दिगम्बर) pāṭha (पाठ). Sūtra (सूत्र) 1.16 is a difference of wording inside the shared first adhyāya (अध्याय). The chapter note gives both wordings.

पहिलो पङ्क्ति सम्यग्दर्शनज्ञानचारित्राणि मोक्षमार्गः श्वेताम्बर र दिगम्बर दुवै पुस्तकमा उही वाक्य हो। भाष्यसहित पढिने श्वेताम्बर पाठ प्रायः ३४४ सूत्रको गनिन्छ। दिगम्बर पाठ ३५७ सूत्रको गनिन्छ। यो पाठमा ३५९ सूत्र छन्, र त्यो सङ्ख्या दुई पाठलाई अध्यायको सिमानामा जोडेर बनेको हो। यहाँ अध्याय १ श्वेताम्बरको ३५ सूत्र हो। दिगम्बरको पहिलो अध्यायमा ३३ छन्। सर्वार्थसिद्धिले आफ्ना सूत्रबाट छोडेका दुई पङ्क्ति, १.२१ द्विविधोऽवधिः र १.३५ आद्यशब्दौ द्वित्रिभेदौ, यो अध्यायले राखेको छ। अध्याय २–१० दिगम्बरका ३२४ हुन्। ३३ र ३२४ मिल्दा दिगम्बरको ३५७ हुन्छ। ३५ र ३२४ मिल्दा यो पुस्तकको ३५९ हुन्छ। श्वेताम्बर पाठले पछिका अध्याय फरक किसिमले लेख्छ र बाँड्छ, र त्यहाँ कम पङ्क्ति गन्छ। अध्याय २ देखि यो फाइल दिगम्बर पाठ पछ्याउँछ। सूत्र १.१६ साझा पहिलो अध्यायभित्रको शब्दको भिन्नता हो। अध्यायको टिप्पणीले दुवै शब्द दिन्छ।

The first line says the path of mokṣa (मोक्ष) is three things together: samyagdarśana (सम्यग्दर्शन), right seeing, jñāna (ज्ञान), right knowing, and cāritra (चारित्र), right conduct. The fourth line names seven tattvas (तत्त्व): jīva (जीव), soul, ajīva (अजीव), non-soul, āsrava (आस्रव), inflow, bandha (बन्ध), bondage, saṃvara (संवर), stoppage, nirjarā (निर्जरा), wearing-away, and mokṣa (मोक्ष), release. There are many jīvas (जीव). Advaita teaches one self. The Buddhist books do not put a jīva (जीव) on the list of what exists. Cārvāka (चार्वाक), as the reports give it, stops at the deha (देह), the body.

Jain pratyakṣa (प्रत्यक्ष) is not Nyāya (न्याय)'s pratyakṣa (प्रत्यक्ष). In 1.11 the first two knowledges, sense-knowledge and what is heard, are parokṣa (परोक्ष), mediate. The direct knowledges are the ones that do not go through a sense.

359 of 359 lines are written out word by word.

The word-by-word glosses on the part pages were generated automatically and have not all been reviewed.

भाग-पृष्ठका शब्दार्थ स्वचालित रूपमा बनाइएका हुन्, र सबै जाँचिएका छैनन्।

Begin at 1.1

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