1.7
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.7
रागद्वेषक्षयाभावे कर्म दोषोद्भवं ध्रुवम् तस्मान् निःश्रेयसार्थाय विद्यैवात्र विधीयते
rāgadveṣakṣayābhāve karma doṣodbhavaṃ dhruvam tasmān niḥśreyasārthāya vidyaivātra vidhīyate
The line
When desire and aversion are not worn out, action, born of that fault, is certain. Therefore knowledge alone is enjoined here, for the highest good.
नेपालीमा
राग र द्वेष नघट्दा त्यो दोषबाट जन्मेको कर्म निश्चित हुन्छ। यसैले यहाँ निःश्रेयसका लागि ज्ञान मात्र विधान गरिएको छ।
Where it sits
The opening argument is complete in shape: wheel, root, knowledge as the means, action as not the means. Verse 8 begins the objector's nanu (ननु).
Split: rāga-dveṣa-kṣaya-abhāve (राग-द्वेष-क्षय-अभावे) + karma (कर्म) + doṣa-udbhavam (दोष-उद्भवम्) + dhruvam (ध्रुवम्) + tasmāt (तस्मात्) + niḥśreyasa-arthāya (निःश्रेयस-अर्थाय) + vidyā (विद्या) + eva (एव) + atra (अत्र) + vidhīyate (विधीयते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| rāga-dveṣa-kṣaya-abhāve (राग-द्वेष-क्षय-अभावे) | locative singular, masculine | when the wasting of desire and aversion is absent. A locative absolute. |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative singular, neuter | action. |
| doṣa-udbhavam (दोष-उद्भवम्) | nominative singular, neuter | whose arising is the doṣa (दोष), the fault. Desire and aversion are that fault. |
| dhruvam (ध्रुवम्) | nominative singular, neuter | sure, fixed. |
| tasmāt (तस्मात्) | indeclinable | therefore. Ablative of tad (तद्) used as an indeclinable. |
| niḥśreyasa-arthāya (निःश्रेयस-अर्थाय) | dative singular, masculine | for the sake of the highest good. |
| vidyā (विद्या) | nominative singular, feminine | knowledge. |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | alone. Joined as vidyaiva (विद्यैव). |
| atra (अत्र) | indeclinable | here, in this teaching. |
| vidhīyate (विधीयते) | present passive, third person singular | is enjoined, is laid down. |
The phrases
Verse 6 said the faults do not die while ignorance stays. Verse 7 says while the faults stay, karma (कर्म) is sure, because karma (कर्म) is born from the fault. Therefore the thing enjoined for niḥśreyasa (निःश्रेयस) is vidyā (विद्या) alone.
vidhīyate (विधीयते) is the voice of a teaching that prescribes. What it prescribes here is knowledge, not a rite.
Sanskrit in this line
tasmāt (तस्मात्) is the sūtra-style (सूत्र-स्त्य्ले) 'therefore,' an ablative frozen as an indeclinable. arthāya (अर्थाय) is a dative, 'for the sake of.'
Say it back
What is enjoined, and for what?