1.10
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.10
ननु ध्रुवफला विद्या नान्यत् किंचिदपेक्षते नाग्निष्टोमो यथैवान्यद् ध्रुवकार्योऽप्यपेक्षते
nanu dhruvaphalā vidyā nānyat kiṃcid apekṣate nāgniṣṭomo yathaivānyad dhruvakāryo 'py apekṣate
The line
Surely knowledge, its fruit being certain, depends on nothing else. Yet the Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम), whose result is likewise certain, does depend on other things.
नेपालीमा
ज्ञानको फल निश्चित हुँदा त्यो ज्ञान अरू केहीमा भर पर्दैन। फल त्यस्तै निश्चित हुँदा पनि अग्निष्टोम अरू कुरामा भर पर्छ।
Where it sits
Verse 9 said both are enjoined. Verse 10 says even a sure-fruit rite depends on helpers, so a sure-fruit knowledge might too. Verse 11 states that conclusion as what some people want.
Split: nanu (ननु) + dhruva-phalā (ध्रुव-फला) + vidyā (विद्या) + na (न) + anyat (अन्यत्) + kiṃcid (किंचिद्) + apekṣate (अपेक्षते) + na (न) + agniṣṭomaḥ (अग्निष्टोमः) + yathā (यथा) + eva (एव) + anyat (अन्यत्) + dhruva-kāryaḥ (ध्रुव-कार्यः) + api (अपि) + apekṣate (अपेक्षते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| nanu (ननु) | indeclinable | surely. A fresh push of the objection. |
| dhruva-phalā (ध्रुव-फला) | nominative singular, feminine | whose fruit is dhruva (ध्रुव), sure. Agrees with vidyā (विद्या). |
| vidyā (विद्या) | nominative singular, feminine | knowledge. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| anyat (अन्यत्) | accusative singular, neuter | anything else. |
| kiṃcid (किंचिद्) | accusative singular, neuter | anything at all. kim (किम्) plus cid (चिद्). |
| apekṣate (अपेक्षते) | present, third person singular, middle | it depends on, it looks toward. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. With the comparison: it is not the case that... |
| agniṣṭomaḥ (अग्निष्टोमः) | nominative singular, masculine | the Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम), a Soma rite, used here as the type of a Vedic act whose fruit is held to be sure. |
| yathā (यथा) | indeclinable | as. |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | just. Joined yathaiva (यथैव). |
| anyat (अन्यत्) | accusative singular, neuter | something else. |
| dhruva-kāryaḥ (ध्रुव-कार्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | whose kārya (कार्य), the thing to be produced, is sure. |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | even. Written 'py (ऽप्य्) after o (ओ). |
| apekṣate (अपेक्षते) | present, third person singular, middle | depends on. |
The phrases
The objector states a principle, then a counter-example to the principle. Knowledge has a sure fruit, so, he first says, it should depend on nothing. But the Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम) also has a sure result, and it still depends on other rites and materials. Verse 11 draws the conclusion he wants.
nanu (ननु) is still the objector.
Sanskrit in this line
The Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम) is not being explained as a ritual manual. It is the objector's example of an act with a fixed fruit. Remember the name. Verse 23 will say the example does not fit knowledge.
Say it back
What is the Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम) doing in the argument?