1.1
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.1
चैतन्यं सर्वगं सर्वं सर्वभूतगुहाशयम् यत् सर्वविषयातीतं तस्मै सर्वविदे नमः
caitanyaṃ sarvagaṃ sarvaṃ sarvabhūtaguhāśayam yat sarvaviṣayātītaṃ tasmai sarvavide namaḥ
The line
Homage to that awareness which goes everywhere, which is the all, which rests in the cave of every being, which has passed beyond every object: to the knower of all.
नेपालीमा
जताततै जाने, सबै भएको, हरेक प्राणीको गुफामा बसेको, हरेक विषय नाघेको त्यो चेतनालाई नमस्कार, सबै जान्नेलाई।
Where it sits
Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण) 1 is caitanya (चैतन्य). The next verse says when the Veda turned from rites to this knowledge. The book is āstika (आस्तिक): the Upaniṣad (उपनिषद्) is the pramāṇa (प्रमाण). It is Śaṅkara (शङ्कर)'s reading of Vedānta (वेदान्त), not a nāstika (नास्तिक) school.
Split: caitanyam (चैतन्यम्) + sarvagam (सर्वगम्) + sarvam (सर्वम्) + sarva-bhūta-guhā-āśayam (सर्व-भूत-गुहा-आशयम्) + yat (यत्) + sarva-viṣaya-atītam (सर्व-विषय-अतीतम्) + tasmai (तस्मै) + sarva-vide (सर्व-विदे) + namaḥ (नमः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| caitanyam (चैतन्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | awareness. cit (चित्) is to be conscious. caitanya (चैतन्य) is the state of that. |
| sarvagam (सर्वगम्) | nominative singular, neuter | reaching everywhere. sarva (सर्व) is all, ga (ग) is going. |
| sarvam (सर्वम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the all. Not a part beside other parts. |
| sarva-bhūta-guhā-āśayam (सर्व-भूत-गुहा-आशयम्) | nominative singular, neuter | resting in the cave of every being. bhūta (भूत) is a being. guhā (गुहा) is a cave, the hidden place. āśaya (आशय) is where something lies. |
| yat (यत्) | nominative singular, neuter | which. The relative. |
| sarva-viṣaya-atītam (सर्व-विषय-अतीतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | gone beyond every viṣaya (विषय), every object. |
| tasmai (तस्मै) | dative singular, neuter | to that. The correlative of yat (यत्). |
| sarva-vide (सर्व-विदे) | dative singular, masculine | to the knower of all. vid (विद्) is one who knows. The dative is the one who receives namaḥ (नमः). |
| namaḥ (नमः) | indeclinable | homage. |
The phrases
The first line gives four descriptions, all in -am (-अम्). The second line picks them up with yat (यत्) and offers namaḥ (नमः) to that, in the dative tasmai sarvavide (तस्मै सर्वविदे).
This is a maṅgala (मङ्गल), the homage that opens a book. The teaching has not started. The words to keep are caitanya (चैतन्य) and sarvavit (सर्ववित्).
Sanskrit in this line
namaḥ (नमः) takes a dative, the one honored. tasmai (तस्मै) and sarvavide (सर्वविदे) are that dative. The -am (-अम्) words of the first line are the thing yat (यत्) refers to.
Say it back
Say the homage once, aloud, and say who tasmai (तस्मै) is.