1.14
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.14
कारकाण्युपमृद्नाति विद्या बुद्धिमिवोषरे तत्सत्यमतिमादाय कर्म कर्तुं व्यवस्यति
kārakāṇy upamṛdnāti vidyā buddhim ivoṣare tatsatyamatim ādāya karma kartuṃ vyavasyati
The line
Knowledge crushes the factors of action, and the intellect is as on barren ground. Having taken up the notion of that truth, a man resolves to do action.
नेपालीमा
ज्ञानले कर्मका कारकहरू चूर पार्छ, र बुद्धि ऊसर जमिन जस्तै रहन्छ। त्यो सत्यको धारणा लिई मानिस कर्म गर्ने निश्चय गर्छ।
Where it sits
Verse 13 separated the two sentences. Verse 14 says what knowledge does to the machinery of action, and pictures the person who wants both. Verse 15 draws the consequence for the mumukṣu (मुमुक्षु).
Split: kārakāṇi (कारकाणि) + upamṛdnāti (उपमृद्नाति) + vidyā (विद्या) + buddhim (बुद्धिम्) + iva (इव) + ūṣare (ऊषरे) + tat-satya-matim (तत्-सत्य-मतिम्) + ādāya (आदाय) + karma (कर्म) + kartum (कर्तुम्) + vyavasyati (व्यवस्यति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| kārakāṇi (कारकाणि) | accusative plural, neuter | the factors of an action: agent, object, instrument, and the rest. Written kārakāṇy (कारकाण्य्) before a vowel. |
| upamṛdnāti (उपमृद्नाति) | present, third person singular | crushes, grinds down. upa-mṛd (उप-मृद्). |
| vidyā (विद्या) | nominative singular, feminine | knowledge. The subject of upamṛdnāti (उपमृद्नाति). |
| buddhim (बुद्धिम्) | accusative singular, feminine | the intellect, the buddhi (बुद्धि). |
| iva (इव) | indeclinable | like. Joined in ivoṣare (इवोषरे). |
| ūṣare (ऊषरे) | locative singular, neuter | on barren ground, salt ground where a crop does not take. iva ūṣare (इव ऊषरे) is the image. |
| tat-satya-matim (तत्-सत्य-मतिम्) | accusative singular, feminine | the notion of the truth of that. mati (मति) is a thought. |
| ādāya (आदाय) | absolutive | having taken up. |
| karma (कर्म) | accusative singular, neuter | action. |
| kartum (कर्तुम्) | infinitive | to do. |
| vyavasyati (व्यवस्यति) | present, third person singular | he resolves. |
The phrases
vidyā (विद्या) is the subject. It crushes the kārakas (कारक). The image is barren ground: the intellect, once the truth is seen, is not soil in which an agent-thought grows. The second line is the person who has picked up the truth as a notion and still resolves to act. Verse 15 says that resolve cannot stand together with knowledge.
The edition writes vidyābbuddhim (विद्याब्बुद्धिम्), with a doubled b (ब्). The words are vidyā (विद्या) and buddhim (बुद्धिम्).
Sanskrit in this line
An absolutive, ādāya (आदाय), is 'having done, and then.' The main verb of that half is vyavasyati (व्यवस्यति). The doubled b (ब्) in the file is not a third word.
Say it back
What does vidyā (विद्या) do to the kārakas (कारक)?