1.15
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.15
विरुद्धत्वादतः शक्यं कर्म कर्तुं न विद्यया सहैवं विदुषा तस्मात् कर्म हेयं मुमुक्षुणा
viruddhatvād ataḥ śakyaṃ karma kartuṃ na vidyayā sahaivaṃ viduṣā tasmāt karma heyaṃ mumukṣuṇā
The line
Because of that opposition, action cannot be done together with knowledge by the one who knows. Therefore action is to be abandoned by the seeker of release.
नेपालीमा
त्यो विरोधका कारण जान्नेले ज्ञानसँगै कर्म गर्न सक्दैन। यसैले मोक्ष चाहनेले कर्म छोड्नुपर्छ।
Where it sits
The ritualist's helper-theory is refused. Verse 16 will say how long injunction lasts: as long as a person takes the body to be himself, which is born of ignorance.
Split: viruddha-tvāt (विरुद्ध-त्वात्) + ataḥ (अतः) + śakyam (शक्यम्) + karma (कर्म) + kartum (कर्तुम्) + na (न) + vidyayā (विद्यया) + saha (सह) + evam (एवम्) + viduṣā (विदुषा) + tasmāt (तस्मात्) + karma (कर्म) + heyam (हेयम्) + mumukṣuṇā (मुमुक्षुणा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| viruddha-tvāt (विरुद्ध-त्वात्) | ablative singular, neuter | because of being viruddha (विरुद्ध), opposed. The abstract -tva (-त्व) plus the ablative 'because.' |
| ataḥ (अतः) | indeclinable | hence. |
| śakyam (शक्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | possible. |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative singular, neuter | action. |
| kartum (कर्तुम्) | infinitive | to do. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| vidyayā (विद्यया) | instrumental singular, feminine | with knowledge, by knowledge. |
| saha (सह) | indeclinable | together. Joined sahaivam (सहैवम्) with evam (एवम्). |
| evam (एवम्) | indeclinable | thus, in the way just said. |
| viduṣā (विदुषा) | instrumental singular, masculine | by one who knows. From vidvas (विद्व). |
| tasmāt (तस्मात्) | indeclinable | therefore. |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative singular, neuter | action. |
| heyam (हेयम्) | nominative singular, neuter, gerundive | to be abandoned. |
| mumukṣuṇā (मुमुक्षुणा) | instrumental singular, masculine | by the one who desires release. |
The phrases
The conclusion of the answer that started at verse 12. Opposition, viruddhatvāt (विरुद्धत्वात्), makes doing karma (कर्म) together with vidyā (विद्या) impossible. So the mumukṣu (मुमुक्षु) is to abandon karma (कर्म).
heyam (हेयम्) is a gerundive, the same shape as the objector's kartavyam (कर्तव्यम्) in verse 8, with the opposite content. His gerundive said 'to be done.' This one says 'to be dropped.'
Sanskrit in this line
A gerundive, heya (हेय), means 'to be abandoned,' from hā (हा). The instrumental mumukṣuṇā (मुमुक्षुणा) is the person for whom that is the case.
Say it back
What replaces kartavyam (कर्तव्यम्) for the mumukṣu (मुमुक्षु)?