1.20
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.20
अत्यरेचयदित्युक्तो न्यासः श्रुत्या अत एव हि कर्मभ्यो मानसान्तेभ्य एतावदिति वाजिनाम्
atyarecayad ity ukto nyāsaḥ śrutyā ata eva hi karmabhyo mānasāntebhya etāvad iti vājinām
The line
Renunciation is said, by the scripture itself, to have surpassed the actions, up to those that end in the mind. 'This far' is the word of the Vājasaneyins (वाजसनेयिन्).
नेपालीमा
शास्त्र आफैँले संन्यासलाई मनमा टुङ्गिने कर्मसम्मका कर्मभन्दा माथि भन्छ। यतिसम्म भन्ने वचन वाजसनेयीहरूको हो।
Where it sits
Verse 19 tried to keep karma (कर्म) as vidyā (विद्या)'s helper. Verse 20 answers with nyāsa (न्यास). Verse 21 says immortality is what is heard, and therefore action is to be left by seekers of release. The Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम) example is about to be dismantled.
Split: atyarecayat (अत्यरेचयत्) + iti (इति) + uktaḥ (उक्तः) + nyāsaḥ (न्यासः) + śrutyā (श्रुत्या) + ataḥ (अतः) + eva (एव) + hi (हि) + karmabhyaḥ (कर्मभ्यः) + mānasa-antebhyaḥ (मानस-अन्तेभ्यः) + etāvat (एतावत्) + iti (इति) + vājinām (वाजिनाम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| atyarecayat (अत्यरेचयत्) | a past tense, third person singular | it surpassed, it caused to be exceeded. From ati-ric (अति-रिच्), to leave behind. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. Quoting the scriptural claim. |
| uktaḥ (उक्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | is said. Agrees with nyāsaḥ (न्यासः). |
| nyāsaḥ (न्यासः) | nominative singular, masculine | renunciation, the setting down of action. |
| śrutyā (श्रुत्या) | instrumental singular, feminine | by śruti (श्रुति), by scripture. |
| ataḥ (अतः) | indeclinable | from this, for this reason. |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | itself. |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for. |
| karmabhyaḥ (कर्मभ्यः) | ablative plural, neuter | from the actions, beyond the actions. |
| mānasa-antebhyaḥ (मानस-अन्तेभ्यः) | ablative plural, neuter | which end in the mental ones. Action up through thought, not only the bodily rite. Agrees with karmabhyaḥ (कर्मभ्यः). |
| etāvat (एतावत्) | nominative singular, neuter | this much. The limit the text names. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | so they say. |
| vājinām (वाजिनाम्) | genitive plural, masculine | of the Vājins (वाजिन्), the Vājasaneyins (वाजसनेयिन्), the school of the white Yajurveda (यजुर्वेद). |
The phrases
The answer to verse 19. The book does not deny that a doer-thought appears. It cites śruti (श्रुति): nyāsa (न्यास) is what surpasses karma (कर्म), including karma (कर्म) that is only mental. The Vājasaneyin (वाजसनेयिन्) text is the witness named.
So the helper-theory fails by the Veda the objector was appealing to. Renunciation, not a further rite, is what that śruti (श्रुति) puts at the end of action.
Sanskrit in this line
atyarecayat (अत्यरेचयत्) is the verb of surpassing. Its object, in the ablative of comparison, is karmabhyaḥ (कर्मभ्यः). śrutyā (श्रुत्या) is the instrumental, the speaker of that claim.
Say it back
What does śruti (श्रुति) put beyond karma (कर्म)?