1.21
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.21
अमृतत्वं श्रुतं तस्मात् त्याज्यं कर्म मुमुक्षुभिः अग्निष्टोमवदित्युक्तं तत्रेदमभिधीयते
amṛtatvaṃ śrutaṃ tasmāt tyājyaṃ karma mumukṣubhiḥ agniṣṭomavad ity uktaṃ tatredam abhidhīyate
The line
Immortality is what scripture lets us hear, so action is to be abandoned by seekers of release. People said it was like the Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम). Against that, this is declared.
नेपालीमा
शास्त्रले अमरत्व सुनाउने भएकाले मोक्ष चाहनेले कर्म छोड्नुपर्छ। मानिसहरूले यसलाई अग्निष्टोम जस्तै भनेका थिए, त्यसको विरुद्धमा यो भनिएको हो।
Where it sits
The objector's example has been on the table since verse 10. The book now turns to face it. tatra idam abhidhīyate (तत्र इदमभिधीयते) is a promise: the next verse is the answer.
Split: amṛtatvam (अमृतत्वम्) + śrutam (श्रुतम्) + tasmāt (तस्मात्) + tyājyam (त्याज्यम्) + karma (कर्म) + mumukṣubhiḥ (मुमुक्षुभिः) + agniṣṭomavat (अग्निष्टोमवत्) + iti (इति) + uktam (उक्तम्) + tatra (तत्र) + idam (इदम्) + abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| amṛtatvam (अमृतत्वम्) | nominative singular, neuter | immortality, the state of a-mṛta (अ-मृत), not dying. |
| śrutam (श्रुतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | heard. It is śruti (श्रुति), not a guess. |
| tasmāt (तस्मात्) | indeclinable | therefore. |
| tyājyam (त्याज्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter, gerundive | to be abandoned. |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative singular, neuter | action. |
| mumukṣubhiḥ (मुमुक्षुभिः) | instrumental plural, masculine | by seekers of release. |
| agniṣṭomavat (अग्निष्टोमवत्) | indeclinable | like the Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम). The objector's comparison from verse 10. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. |
| uktam (उक्तम्) | nominative singular, neuter | it was said. |
| tatra (तत्र) | indeclinable | on that point, against that. |
| idam (इदम्) | nominative singular, neuter | this. The reply that follows. |
| abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते) | present passive, third person singular | is declared. |
The phrases
From the śruti (श्रुति) of verse 20, what is heard is amṛtatva (अमृतत्व). Therefore karma (कर्म) is tyājya (त्याज्य) for the mumukṣu (मुमुक्षु). The second line picks up the Agniṣṭoma (अग्निष्टोम) comparison and says the reply to it is what comes next.
Verses 22 and 23 are that reply. The example is unequal.
Sanskrit in this line
tyājya (त्याज्य) is the gerundive of tyaj (त्यज्), to abandon, same family as heya (हेय) in verse 15. The instrumental mumukṣubhiḥ (मुमुक्षुभिः) is the person who is to abandon it.
Say it back
What is heard, and what is to be abandoned?