1.26
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.26
सदेरुपनिपूर्वस्य क्विपि चोपनिषद् भवेत् मन्दीकरणभावाच् च गर्भादेः शातनात् तथा
sader upanipūrvasya kvipi copaniṣad bhavet mandīkaraṇabhāvāc ca garbhādeḥ śātanāt tathā
The line
From the root sad, preceded by upa and ni, when kvip is applied, the word upaniṣad (उपनिषद्) comes to be. And from its being a weakening, and from the cutting off of the womb and the rest.
नेपालीमा
उप र नि पहिले लागेको सद् धातुमा क्विप् प्रत्यय लाग्दा उपनिषद् शब्द बन्छ। शिथिल पार्ने अर्थबाट पनि बन्छ, र गर्भ आदि काटिने अर्थबाट पनि।
Where it sits
This closes caitanyaprakaraṇam (चैतन्यप्रकरणम्). Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण) 2 is pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध), the negation. It begins from the fact that the self cannot be negated directly, so what remains is neti neti (नेति नेति).
Split: sadeḥ (सदेः) + upa-ni-pūrvasya (उप-नि-पूर्वस्य) + kvipi (क्विपि) + ca (च) + upaniṣad (उपनिषद्) + bhavet (भवेत्) + mandī-karaṇa-bhāvāt (मन्दी-करण-भावात्) + ca (च) + garbha-ādeḥ (गर्भ-आदेः) + śātanāt (शातनात्) + tathā (तथा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sadeḥ (सदेः) | genitive singular | of the root sad (सद्), to sit. The genitive is the root as a grammatical item. Written sader (सदेर्) before the vowel. |
| upa-ni-pūrvasya (उप-नि-पूर्वस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | which has upa (उप) and ni (नि) before it. Agrees with sadeḥ (सदेः). |
| kvipi (क्विपि) | locative singular, masculine | when the suffix kvip (क्विप्) is added. kvip (क्विप्) is a suffix that leaves no sound of its own. The locative is the grammarian's 'in the situation of that suffix.' |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| upaniṣad (उपनिषद्) | nominative singular, feminine | the word upaniṣad (उपनिषद्). |
| bhavet (भवेत्) | optative, third person singular | it would come to be. |
| mandī-karaṇa-bhāvāt (मन्दी-करण-भावात्) | ablative singular, masculine | from the state of making manda (मन्द), weak, dull. One traditional sense of the word: it slackens ignorance. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| garbha-ādeḥ (गर्भ-आदेः) | ablative singular, masculine | of the womb and the rest, birth and the round that follows. The ablative is with śātanāt (शातनात्): the cutting of those. |
| śātanāt (शातनात्) | ablative singular, neuter | from śātana (शातन), a cutting away. |
| tathā (तथा) | indeclinable | and likewise. A further sense, not a different word. |
The phrases
The first line is grammar. sad (सद्) with upa (उप) and ni (नि) in front, plus a vanishing suffix, yields the noun upaniṣad (उपनिषद्). The second line gives two senses carried by that derivation: a making-weak, and a cutting off of birth and what follows birth.
You do not need the Pāṇinian (पाणिनिअन्) details of kvip (क्विप्) beyond this: it is a suffix that forms a noun and then disappears, so the word you hear is upaniṣad (उपनिषद्) and not upaniṣad (उपनिषद्) plus an extra syllable.
Sanskrit in this line
A root in the genitive, with prefixes in agreement, and a suffix in the locative, is how a verse states a derivation. bhavet (भवेत्) is the result: the word comes to be.
Say it back
What root, what prefixes, and what two senses?