18.191
Upadeśasāhasrī / 18. Tattvamasi (तत्त्वमसि) / 18.191
प्रत्यगात्मधिया तद्वद् दुःखित्वं सर्वदात्मनः
pratyagātmadhiyā tadvad duḥkhitvaṃ sarvadātmanaḥ
The line
A compound: toward, against, agātma (अगात्म), and dhiya (धिय), like that. tadvat before a voiced sound, duḥkhitva (दुःखित्व), always, of of the self, from the self.
Where it sits
In Upadeśasāhasrī (उपदेशसाहस्री), prakaraṇa (प्रकरण) 18. Tattvamasi (तत्त्वमसि). That thou art. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: prati-agātma-dhiyā (प्रति-अगात्म-धिया) + tadvad (तद्वद्) + duḥkhitvaṃ (दुःखित्वं) + sarvadā (सर्वदा) + ātmanaḥ (आत्मनः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| prati-agātma-dhiyā (प्रति-अगात्म-धिया) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | a compound: toward, against, agātma (अगात्म), and dhiya (धिय). Read it from the end |
| tadvad (तद्वद्) | indeclinable | like that. tadvat before a voiced sound |
| duḥkhitvaṃ (दुःखित्वं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | duḥkhitva (दुःखित्व) |
| sarvadā (सर्वदा) | indeclinable | always |
| ātmanaḥ (आत्मनः) | genitive or ablative singular | of the self, from the self |
The phrases
prati-agātma-dhiyā (प्रति-अगात्म-धिया) is a compound: toward, against, agātma (अगात्म), and dhiya (धिय). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. tadvad (तद्वद्) is like that. tadvat before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. duḥkhitvaṃ (दुःखित्वं) is duḥkhitva (दुःखित्व). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
sarvadā (सर्वदा) is always. It stands as indeclinable. ātmanaḥ (आत्मनः) is of the self, from the self. It stands as genitive or ablative singular. The line joins them as sarvadātmanaḥ (सर्वदात्मनः).
Sanskrit in this line
prati-agātma-dhiyā (प्रति-अगात्म-धिया) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as sarvadātmanaḥ (सर्वदात्मनः).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss prati-agātma-dhiyā (प्रति-अगात्म-धिया) and tadvad (तद्वद्).