1.3
Upadeśasāhasrī / 1. Caitanya (चैतन्य) / 1.3
कर्माणि देहयोगार्थं देहयोगे प्रियाप्रिये ध्रुवे स्यातां ततो रागो द्वेषश् चैव ततः क्रियाः
karmāṇi dehayogārthaṃ dehayoge priyāpriye dhruve syātāṃ tato rāgo dveṣaś caiva tataḥ kriyāḥ
The line
Acts are for the sake of a body. Given a body, pleasure and pain are sure to be there. From them come desire and aversion, and from those, further acts.
नेपालीमा
कर्म शरीरका लागि हुन्छन्, र शरीर पाएपछि सुख र दुःख निश्चित हुन्छन्। तिनबाट राग र द्वेष आउँछन्, अनि तिनबाट फेरि कर्म हुन्छ।
Where it sits
Verse 2 said the Veda turns from rites to knowledge. Verse 3 says why staying with rites keeps the round going. Verse 4 will call that round a wheel.
Split: karmāṇi (कर्माणि) + deha-yoga-artham (देह-योग-अर्थम्) + deha-yoge (देह-योगे) + priya-apriye (प्रिय-अप्रिये) + dhruve (ध्रुवे) + syātām (स्याताम्) + tatas (तत) + rāgaḥ (रागः) + dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) + ca (च) + eva (एव) + tataḥ (ततः) + kriyāḥ (क्रियाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| karmāṇi (कर्माणि) | nominative plural, neuter | acts, karma (कर्म). |
| deha-yoga-artham (देह-योग-अर्थम्) | indeclinable, accusative of purpose | for the sake of yoga (योग) with a deha (देह), a joining with a body. |
| deha-yoge (देह-योगे) | locative singular, masculine | when there is joining with a body. |
| priya-apriye (प्रिय-अप्रिये) | nominative dual, neuter | the pleasant and the unpleasant, the pair. |
| dhruve (ध्रुवे) | nominative dual, neuter | fixed, sure to be there. Agrees with priyāpriye (प्रियाप्रिये). |
| syātām (स्याताम्) | optative, third person dual | the two would be. |
| tatas (तत) | indeclinable | from that. |
| rāgaḥ (रागः) | nominative singular, masculine | desire, coloring toward. |
| dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) | nominative singular, masculine | aversion. Written dveṣaś (द्वेषश्) before ca (च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | indeed. |
| tataḥ (ततः) | indeclinable | from that, a second 'from that.' |
| kriyāḥ (क्रियाः) | nominative plural, feminine | further acts. |
The phrases
A chain. karma (कर्म) leads to a body. A body makes pleasure and pain sure. From those two come rāga (राग) and dveṣa (द्वेष). From those comes more karma (कर्म). The round is a loop, not a line that finishes.
The dual syātām (स्याताम्) agrees with the pair priyāpriye (प्रियाप्रिये). One verb, two things.
Sanskrit in this line
A dual verb, syātām (स्याताम्), is 'the two would be.' When you see a dual ending, look for the pair it belongs to. Here the pair is priya (प्रिय) and apriya (अप्रिय).
Say it back
Say the chain from karma (कर्म) back to kriyā (क्रिया), in order.