2.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 2. Gatāgata (गतागत) / 2.1
गतं न गम्यते तावदगतं नैव गम्यते गतागतविनिर्मुक्तं गम्यमानं न गम्यते
gataṃ na gamyate tāvad agataṃ naiva gamyate gatāgatavinirmuktaṃ gamyamānaṃ na gamyate
The line
Gone, not is gone to, so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound, not gone, not just, is gone to, a compound: gone, not gone, and freed from, being gone over, not is gone to.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 2. Gatāgata (गतागत). What has gone and what has not gone. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: gataṃ (गतं) + na (न) + gamyate (गम्यते) + tāvad (तावद्) + agataṃ (अगतं) + na (न) + eva (एव) + gamyate (गम्यते) + gata-agata-vinirmuktaṃ (गत-अगत-विनिर्मुक्तं) + gamyamānaṃ (गम्यमानं) + na (न) + gamyate (गम्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| gataṃ (गतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | gone |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| gamyate (गम्यते) | present, third person singular | is gone to |
| tāvad (तावद्) | indeclinable | so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound |
| agataṃ (अगतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | not gone |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| gamyate (गम्यते) | present, third person singular | is gone to |
| gata-agata-vinirmuktaṃ (गत-अगत-विनिर्मुक्तं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: gone, not gone, and freed from. Read it from the end |
| gamyamānaṃ (गम्यमानं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | being gone over |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| gamyate (गम्यते) | present, third person singular | is gone to |
The phrases
gataṃ (गतं) is gone. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. gamyate (गम्यते) is is gone to. It stands as present, third person singular. tāvad (तावद्) is so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. agataṃ (अगतं) is not gone. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable.
eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as naiva. gamyate (गम्यते) is is gone to. It stands as present, third person singular. gata-agata-vinirmuktaṃ (गत-अगत-विनिर्मुक्तं) is a compound: gone, not gone, and freed from. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. gamyamānaṃ (गम्यमानं) is being gone over. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. gamyate (गम्यते) is is gone to. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
gata-agata-vinirmuktaṃ (गत-अगत-विनिर्मुक्तं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as naiva.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss gataṃ (गतं) and gamyate (गम्यते).