Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 12. Duḥkha (दुःख)

12. Duḥkha (दुःख)

Summary

Chapter 12 is pain. Suffering is not made by oneself alone, nor by another alone, nor by both, nor by no cause. The verse uses the same fourfold refusal as chapter 1. Pain is not thereby denied as what beings undergo. A self made nature of pain is what fails.

नेपालीमा

अध्याय १२ दुःख हो। दुःख आफैंले मात्र बनेको होइन, अर्काले मात्र होइन, दुवैले होइन, बिना कारण होइन। श्लोकले अध्याय १ कै चार इन्कार प्रयोग गर्छ। प्राणीले भोग्ने दुःख नकारिएको होइन। दुःखको आफैँ बनेको स्वभाव असफल हुन्छ।

Pain.

10 of 10 lines in this chapter are written out word by word.

Line
12.1	स्वयं कृतं परकृतं द्वाभ्यां कृतमहेतुकम् । दुःखमित्येक इच्छन्ति तच् च कार्यं न युज्यते svayaṃ kṛtaṃ parakṛtaṃ dvābhyāṃ kṛtam ahetukam / duḥkham ity eka icchanti tac ca kāryaṃ na yujyate By itself, oneself, done, a compound: another, the higher, and made, done, by means of two, done, ahetuka (अहेतुक), pain thus, one, in.
12.2	स्वयं कृतं यदि भवेत् प्रतीत्य न ततो भवेत् । स्कन्धानिमानमी स्कन्धाः संभवन्ति प्रतीत्य हि svayaṃ kṛtaṃ yadi bhavet pratītya na tato bhavet / skandhān imān amī skandhāḥ saṃbhavanti pratītya hi By itself, oneself, done, if, would be, having depended on, not from that. tataḥ (ततः) before a voiced sound, would be, an aggregate of matter.
12.3	यद्यमीभ्य इमेऽन्ये स्युरेभ्यो वामी परे यदि । भवेत् परकृतं दुःखं परैरेभिरमी कृताः yady amībhya ime 'nye syur ebhyo vāmī pare yadi / bhavet parakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ parair ebhir amī kṛtāḥ If. yadi before a vowel, amībhya (अमीभ्य), ime (इमे), others, they would be. syuḥ (स्युः) before a voiced sound, ebhya (एभ्य), vāma (वाम), in another, the higher, if.
12.4	स्वपुद्गलकृतं दुःखं यदि दुःखं पुनर् विना । स्वपुद्गलः स कतमो येन दुःखं स्वयं कृतम् svapudgalakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi duḥkhaṃ punar vinā / svapudgalaḥ sa katamo yena duḥkhaṃ svayaṃ kṛtam A compound: one's own, matter, and made, done, pain, if, pain, again, without, a compound: one's own, and matter, he, that. saḥ (सः) before a.
12.5	परपुद्गलजं दुःखं यदि यस्मै प्रदीयते । परेण कृत्वा तद् दुःखं स दुःखेन विना कुतः parapudgalajaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi yasmai pradīyate / pareṇa kṛtvā tad duḥkhaṃ sa duḥkhena vinā kutaḥ A compound: another, the higher, pudga (पुद्ग), and laja (लज), pain, if, in yasmaa (यस्मअ), in pradīyata (प्रदीयत), by means of by the later one, by another.
12.6	परपुद्गलजं दुःखं यदि कः परपुद्गलः । विना दुःखेन यः कृत्वा परस्मै प्रहिणोति तत् parapudgalajaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi kaḥ parapudgalaḥ / vinā duḥkhena yaḥ kṛtvā parasmai prahiṇoti tat A compound: another, the higher, pudga (पुद्ग), and laja (लज), pain, if, who, a compound: another, the higher, and matter, without, by means of.
12.7	स्वयं कृतस्याप्रसिद्धेर् दुःखं परकृतं कुतः । परो हि दुःखं यत् कुर्यात् तत् तस्य स्यात् स्वयं कृतम् svayaṃ kṛtasyāprasiddher duḥkhaṃ parakṛtaṃ kutaḥ / paro hi duḥkhaṃ yat kuryāt tat tasya syāt svayaṃ kṛtam By itself, oneself, of a compound: made, done, syāpra (स्याप्र), and established, pain, a compound: another, the higher, and made, done, from.
12.8	न तावत् स्वकृतं दुःखं न हि तेनैव तत् कृतम् । परो नात्मकृतश् चेत् स्याद् दुःखं परकृतं कथम् na tāvat svakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ na hi tenaiva tat kṛtam / paro nātmakṛtaś cet syād duḥkhaṃ parakṛtaṃ katham If you say that not so long, so far, first, a compound: one's own, and made, done, pain, not by means of by that just, that, done, the.
12.9	स्यादुभाभ्यां कृतं दुःखं स्यादेकैककृतं यदि । पराकारास्वयंकारं दुःखमहेतुकं कुतः syād ubhābhyāṃ kṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ syād ekaikakṛtaṃ yadi / parākārāsvayaṃkāraṃ duḥkham ahetukaṃ kutaḥ It would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound, by means of ubha (उभ), done, pain, it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound, a compound: one, one.
12.10	न केवलं हि दुःखस्य चातुर्विध्यं न विद्यते । बाह्यानामपि भावानां चातुर्विध्यं न विद्यते na kevalaṃ hi duḥkhasya cāturvidhyaṃ na vidyate / bāhyānām api bhāvānāṃ cāturvidhyaṃ na vidyate Not perfection. Of pain, cāturvidhya (चातुर्विध्य), not is found, a compound: bāhyā (बाह्या), and by name, indeed even, of of beings, cāturvidhya (चातुर्विध्य), not is.