Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य)
24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य)
Summary
Chapter 24 is the noble truths. An objector says that if all this is empty, the truths, the path, and the Buddha fail. The answer is that if things had their own nature, arising and the path would fail. Verse 18 says dependent arising, emptiness, and the middle path are the same point. Emptiness is not a thesis that cancels the truths. It is how they can be taught.
नेपालीमा
अध्याय २४ आर्यसत्य हुन्। आपत्तिकर्ताले भन्छ, सबै शून्य भए सत्य, मार्ग र बुद्ध असफल हुन्छन्। जवाफ यो हो, वस्तुको आफ्नै स्वभाव भए उत्पत्ति र मार्ग असफल हुन्थे। श्लोक १८ ले प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद, शून्यता र मध्यमार्ग एउटै कुरा हुन् भन्छ। शून्यता सत्यलाई काट्ने मत होइन, सत्य सिकाउन सकिने तरिका हो।
The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is.
40 of 40 lines in this chapter are written out word by word.
| Line | |
|---|---|
| 24.1 | यदि शून्यमिदं सर्वमुदयो नास्ति न व्ययः । चतुर्णामार्यसत्यानामभावस् ते प्रसज्यते yadi śūnyam idaṃ sarvam udayo nāsti na vyayaḥ / caturṇām āryasatyānām abhāvas te prasajyate If, empty, this, all, udaya (उदय), is not, not vyaya (व्यय), a compound: four, and ṇāma (णाम), of a noble truth, absence, they, those, is forced as a. |
| 24.2 | परिज्ञा च प्रहाणं च भावना साक्षिकर्म च । चतुर्णामार्यसत्यानामभावान् नोपपद्यते parijñā ca prahāṇaṃ ca bhāvanā sākṣikarma ca / caturṇām āryasatyānām abhāvān nopapadyate parijña (परिज्ञ) and, leaving and, a compound: a state, and not, a compound: sākṣi (साक्षि), and action and, a compound: four, and ṇāma (णाम), of a noble. |
| 24.3 | तदभावान् न विद्यन्ते चत्वार्यार्यफलानि च । फलाभावे फलस्था नो न सन्ति प्रतिपन्नकाः tadabhāvān na vidyante catvāry āryaphalāni ca / phalābhāve phalasthā no na santi pratipannakāḥ The absence of that, not are found, catvāry (चत्वार्य्), a compound: ārya (आर्य), and a fruit and, in a compound: a fruit, and absence, a compound: a. |
| 24.4 | संघो नास्ति न चेत् सन्ति तेऽष्टौ पुरुषपुद्गलाः । अभावाच् चार्यसत्यानां सद्धर्मोऽपि न विद्यते saṃgho nāsti na cet santi te 'ṣṭau puruṣapudgalāḥ / abhāvāc cāryasatyānāṃ saddharmo 'pi na vidyate If you say that saṃgha (संघ), is not, not, then are, they, those, eight, a compound: the person, and matter, because of because of absence, of. |
| 24.5 | धर्मे चासति संघे च कथं बुद्धो भविष्यति । एवं त्रीण्यपि रत्नानि ब्रुवाणः प्रतिबाधसे dharme cāsati saṃghe ca kathaṃ buddho bhaviṣyati / evaṃ trīṇy api ratnāni bruvāṇaḥ pratibādhase In dharma, a property and, in when it is, it being so, in saṃgha (संघ) and, how, one who has woken, will be thus, trīṇy (त्रीण्य्) even, ratna (रत्न). |
| 24.6 | शून्यतां फलसद्भावमधर्मं धर्ममेव च । सर्वसंव्यवहारांश् च लौकिकान् प्रतिबाधसे śūnyatāṃ phalasadbhāvam adharmaṃ dharmam eva ca / sarvasaṃvyavahārāṃś ca laukikān pratibādhase Of emptiness, a compound: a fruit, what is, and a state, the medium of rest, dharma, a property just and, a compound: all, saṃvya (संव्य). |
| 24.7 | अत्र ब्रूमः शून्यतायां न त्वं वेत्सि प्रयोजनम् । शून्यतां शून्यतार्थं च तत एवं विहन्यसे atra brūmaḥ śūnyatāyāṃ na tvaṃ vetsi prayojanam / śūnyatāṃ śūnyatārthaṃ ca tata evaṃ vihanyase Here, brūma (ब्रूम), of a compound: empty, and tāya (ताय), not you, in vetsa (वेत्स), a purpose, of emptiness, a compound: emptiness, and a thing, a. |
| 24.8 | द्वे सत्ये समुपाश्रित्य बुद्धानां धर्मदेशना । लोकसंवृतिसत्यं च सत्यं च परमार्थतः dve satye samupāśritya buddhānāṃ dharmadeśanā / lokasaṃvṛtisatyaṃ ca satyaṃ ca paramārthataḥ In two, in truth, samupāśritya (समुपाश्रित्य), of one who has woken, a compound: dharma, a property, a place, and not, a compound: the world. |
| 24.9 | येऽनयोर् न विजानन्ति विभागं सत्ययोर् द्वयोः । ते तत्त्वं न विजानन्ति गम्भीरं बुद्धशासने ye 'nayor na vijānanti vibhāgaṃ satyayor dvayoḥ / te tattvaṃ na vijānanti gambhīraṃ buddhaśāsane Who, which, of an atom, not in vijānanta (विजानन्त), disjunction, of truth, of two, they, those, that, you, not in vijānanta (विजानन्त), gambhīra (गम्भीर), in a. |
| 24.10 | व्यवहारमनाश्रित्य परमार्थो न देश्यते । परमार्थमनागम्य निर्वाणं नाधिगम्यते vyavahāram anāśritya paramārtho na deśyate / paramārtham anāgamya nirvāṇaṃ nādhigamyate vyavahāra (व्यवहार), anāśritya (अनाश्रित्य), a compound: the highest, and a thing, a meaning, not in deśyata (देश्यत), a compound: the highest, and a thing, a. |
| 24.11 | विनाशयति दुर्दृष्ता शून्यता मन्दमेधसम् । सर्पो यथा दुर्गृहीतो विद्या वा दुष्प्रसाधिता vināśayati durdṛṣtā śūnyatā mandamedhasam / sarpo yathā durgṛhīto vidyā vā duṣprasādhitā In a compound: without, and śayata (शयत), durdṛṣta (दुर्दृष्त), emptiness, a compound: manda (मन्द), medha (मेध), and an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an. |
| 24.12 | अतश् च प्रत्युदावृत्तं चित्तं देशयितुं मुनेः । धर्मं मत्वास्य धर्मस्य मन्दैर् दुरवगाहताम् ataś ca pratyudāvṛttaṃ cittaṃ deśayituṃ muneḥ / dharmaṃ matvāsya dharmasya mandair duravagāhatām Therefore, from this and, a compound: toward, against, and udāvṛtta (उदावृत्त), some, at all, him, that, a compound: a place, and yita (यित), of a. |
| 24.13 | शून्यतायामधिलयं यं पुनः कुरुते भवान् । दोषप्रसङ्गो नास्माकं स शून्ये नोपपद्यते śūnyatāyām adhilayaṃ yaṃ punaḥ kurute bhavān / doṣaprasaṅgo nāsmākaṃ sa śūnye nopapadyate Of a compound: empty, and tāya (ताय), adhilaya (अधिलय), whom, again, in kuruta (कुरुत), bhava (भव), a compound: a fault, and an unwanted consequence, not. |
| 24.14 | सर्वं च युज्यते तस्य शून्यता यस्य युज्यते । सर्वं न युज्यते तस्य शून्यं यस्य न युज्यते sarvaṃ ca yujyate tasya śūnyatā yasya yujyate / sarvaṃ na yujyate tasya śūnyaṃ yasya na yujyate All and, fits, of of that, his, emptiness, of of whom, whose, fits, all, not fits, of of that, his, empty, of of whom, whose, not fits. |
| 24.15 | स त्वं दोषानात्मनीयानस्मासु परिपातयन् । अश्वमेवाभिरूढः सन्नश्वमेवासि विस्मृतः sa tvaṃ doṣān ātmanīyān asmāsu paripātayan / aśvam evābhirūḍhaḥ sann aśvam evāsi vismṛtaḥ He, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant, you, a fault, ātmanīya (आत्मनीय), asmāsu (अस्मासु), paripātayan (परिपातयन्), aśva (अश्व), a compound: evābhi (एवाभि), and fixed by usage, a. |
| 24.16 | स्वभावाद् यदि भावानां सद्भावमनुपश्यसि । अहेतुप्रत्ययान् भावांस् त्वमेवं सति पश्यसि svabhāvād yadi bhāvānāṃ sadbhāvam anupaśyasi / ahetupratyayān bhāvāṃs tvam evaṃ sati paśyasi Because of an own-nature, if, of of beings, a compound: what is, and a state, in anupaśyasa (अनुपश्यस), a compound: ahetu (अहेतु), and a condition. |
| 24.17 | कार्यं च कारणं चैव कर्तारं करणं क्रियाम् । उत्पादं च निरोधं च फलं च प्रतिबाधसे kāryaṃ ca kāraṇaṃ caiva kartāraṃ karaṇaṃ kriyām / utpādaṃ ca nirodhaṃ ca phalaṃ ca pratibādhase An effect and, a cause and just, an agent, karaṇa (करण), of an act, arising and, stilling and, the fruit and, in a compound: toward, against. |
| 24.18 | यः प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादः शून्यतां तां प्रचक्ष्महे । सा प्रज्ञप्तिरुपादाय प्रतिपत् सैव मध्यमा yaḥ pratītyasamutpādaḥ śūnyatāṃ tāṃ pracakṣmahe / sā prajñaptir upādāya pratipat saiva madhyamā Dependent arising, that we call emptiness. That, being a dependent designation, is itself the middle way. |
| 24.19 | अप्रतीत्य समुत्पन्नो धर्मः कश्चिन् न विद्यते । यस्मात् तस्मादशून्यो हि धर्मः कश्चिन् न विद्यते apratītya samutpanno dharmaḥ kaścin na vidyate / yasmāt tasmād aśūnyo hi dharmaḥ kaścin na vidyate Not having depended on, samutpanna (समुत्पन्न), dharma, kaścin (कश्चिन्), not is found, because of from which, because, therefore. tasmāt (तस्मात्) before a voiced. |
| 24.20 | यद्यशून्यमिदं सर्वमुदयो नास्ति न व्ययः । चतुर्णामार्यसत्यानामभावस् ते प्रसज्यते yady aśūnyam idaṃ sarvam udayo nāsti na vyayaḥ / caturṇām āryasatyānām abhāvas te prasajyate If. yadi before a vowel, not empty, this, all, udaya (उदय), is not, not vyaya (व्यय), a compound: four, and ṇāma (णाम), of a noble truth, absence. |
| 24.21 | अप्रतीत्य समुत्पन्नं कुतो दुःखं भविष्यति । अनित्यमुक्तं दुःखं हि तत् स्वाभाव्ये न विद्यते apratītya samutpannaṃ kuto duḥkhaṃ bhaviṣyati / anityam uktaṃ duḥkhaṃ hi tat svābhāvye na vidyate Not having depended on, samutpanna (समुत्पन्न), from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound, pain, will be, not eternal, what has been said, pain. That. |
| 24.22 | स्वभावतो विद्यमानं किं पुनः समुदेष्यते । तस्मात् समुदयो नास्ति शून्यतां प्रतिबाधतः svabhāvato vidyamānaṃ kiṃ punaḥ samudeṣyate / tasmāt samudayo nāsti śūnyatāṃ pratibādhataḥ svabhāvata (स्वभावत), a compound: vidya (विद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing, what, again, in samudeṣyata (समुदेष्यत), because of from that, samudaya (समुदय), is. |
| 24.23 | न निरोधः स्वभावेन सतो दुःखस्य विद्यते । स्वभावपर्यवस्थानान् निरोधं प्रतिबाधसे na nirodhaḥ svabhāvena sato duḥkhasya vidyate / svabhāvaparyavasthānān nirodhaṃ pratibādhase Not stilling, by means of an own-nature, of of what is, of pain, is found, a compound: an own-nature, paryava (पर्यव), and the place, the order. |
| 24.24 | स्वाभाव्ये सति मार्गस्य भावना नोपपद्यते । अथासौ भाव्यते मार्गः स्वाभाव्यं ते न विद्यते svābhāvye sati mārgasya bhāvanā nopapadyate / athāsau bhāvyate mārgaḥ svābhāvyaṃ te na vidyate In svābhāvya (स्वाभाव्य), in when it is, it being so, of a path, a compound: a state, and not, does not fit, now, and then, that one, in bhāvyata (भाव्यत). |
| 24.25 | यदा दुःखं समुदयो निरोधश् च न विद्यते । मार्गो दुःखनिरोधत्वात् कतमः प्रापयिष्यति yadā duḥkhaṃ samudayo nirodhaś ca na vidyate / mārgo duḥkhanirodhatvāt katamaḥ prāpayiṣyati When, pain, samudaya (समुदय), stilling and, not is found, a path, because of a compound: pain, stilling, and the state of being that, katama (कतम). |
| 24.26 | स्वभावेनापरिज्ञानं यदि तस्य पुनः कथम् । परिज्ञानं ननु किल स्वभावः समवस्थितः svabhāvenāparijñānaṃ yadi tasya punaḥ katham / parijñānaṃ nanu kila svabhāvaḥ samavasthitaḥ A compound: svabhā (स्वभा), venā (वेना), pari (परि), and knowing, if, of of that, his, again, how, a compound: pari (परि), and knowing, is it not, kila (किल), an. |
| 24.27 | प्रहाणसाक्षात्करणे भावना चैवमेव ते । परिज्ञावन् न युज्यन्ते चत्वार्यपि फलानि च prahāṇasākṣātkaraṇe bhāvanā caivam eva te / parijñāvan na yujyante catvāry api phalāni ca In a compound: leaving, sākṣā (साक्षा), and tkaraṇa (त्करण), a compound: a state, and not and thus just, they, those, a compound: parijñā (परिज्ञा), and a. |
| 24.28 | स्वभावेनानधिगतं यत् फलं तत् पुनः कथम् । शक्यं समधिगन्तुं स्यात् स्वभावं परिगृह्णतः svabhāvenānadhigataṃ yat phalaṃ tat punaḥ katham / śakyaṃ samadhigantuṃ syāt svabhāvaṃ parigṛhṇataḥ A compound: svabhā (स्वभा), venā (वेना), nadhi (नधि), and gone, which, the fruit, that, again, how, śakya (शक्य), a compound: an equalizing, a rejoinder that. |
| 24.29 | फलाभावे फलस्था नो न सन्ति प्रतिपन्नकाः । संघो नास्ति न चेत् सन्ति तेऽष्टौ पुरुषपुद्गलाः phalābhāve phalasthā no na santi pratipannakāḥ / saṃgho nāsti na cet santi te 'ṣṭau puruṣapudgalāḥ If you say that in a compound: a fruit, and absence, a compound: a fruit, and standing, not, not are, a compound: a path, and naka (नक). |
| 24.30 | अभावाच् चार्यसत्यानां सद्धर्मोऽपि न विद्यते । धर्मे चासति संघे च कथं बुद्धो भविष्यति abhāvāc cāryasatyānāṃ saddharmo 'pi na vidyate / dharme cāsati saṃghe ca kathaṃ buddho bhaviṣyati Because of because of absence, of a compound: and, and a noble truth, a compound: what is, and dharma, a property even, not is found, in. |
| 24.31 | अप्रतीत्यापि बोधिं च तव बुद्धः प्रसज्यते । अप्रतीत्यापि बुद्धं च तव बोधिः प्रसज्यते apratītyāpi bodhiṃ ca tava buddhaḥ prasajyate / apratītyāpi buddhaṃ ca tava bodhiḥ prasajyate Not having depended on even, awareness and, of of you, one who has woken, is forced as a consequence, not having depended on even, one who. |
| 24.32 | यश् चाबुद्धः स्वभावेन स बोधाय घटन्नपि । न बोधिसत्त्वचर्यायां बोधिं तेऽधिगमिष्यति yaś cābuddhaḥ svabhāvena sa bodhāya ghaṭann api / na bodhisattvacaryāyāṃ bodhiṃ te 'dhigamiṣyati Who, which, cābuddha (चाबुद्ध), by means of an own-nature, he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant, for awareness, ghaṭann (घटन्न्) even, not of a compound:. |
| 24.33 | न च धर्ममधर्मं वा कश्चिज् जातु करिष्यति । किमषून्यस्य कर्तव्यं स्वभावः क्रियते न हि na ca dharmam adharmaṃ vā kaścij jātu kariṣyati / kim aṣūnyasya kartavyaṃ svabhāvaḥ kriyate na hi Not and, dharma, a property, the medium of rest or, kaścij (कश्चिज्), ever, at all, will do, what, of aṣūnya (अषून्य), kartavya (कर्तव्य), an own-nature, is. |
| 24.34 | विना धर्ममधर्मं च फलं हि तव विद्यते । धर्माधर्मनिमित्तं च फलं तव न विद्यते vinā dharmam adharmaṃ ca phalaṃ hi tava vidyate / dharmādharmanimittaṃ ca phalaṃ tava na vidyate Without, dharma, a property, the medium of rest and, the fruit. Of of you, is found, a compound: dharma, a property, the medium of rest. |
| 24.35 | धर्माधर्मनिमित्तं वा यदि ते विद्यते फलम् । धर्माधर्मसमुत्पन्नमशून्यं ते कथं फलम् dharmādharmanimittaṃ vā yadi te vidyate phalam / dharmādharmasamutpannam aśūnyaṃ te kathaṃ phalam A compound: dharma, a property, the medium of rest, and the efficient ground or, if, they, those, is found, the fruit, a compound: dharma. |
| 24.36 | सर्वसंव्य्वहारांश् च लौकिकान् प्रतिबाधसे । यत् प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादशून्यतां प्रतिबाधसे sarvasaṃvyvahārāṃś ca laukikān pratibādhase / yat pratītyasamutpādaśūnyatāṃ pratibādhase A compound: all, saṃvyva (संव्य्व), and hārāṃśa (हारांश) and, an ordinary person, in a compound: toward, against, and bādhasa (बाधस), which, of a compound:. |
| 24.37 | न कर्तव्यं भवेत् किंचिदनारब्धा भवेत् क्रिया । कारकः स्यादकुर्वाणः शून्यतां प्रतिबाधतः na kartavyaṃ bhavet kiṃcid anārabdhā bhavet kriyā / kārakaḥ syād akurvāṇaḥ śūnyatāṃ pratibādhataḥ Not kartavya (कर्तव्य), would be, what, some. cit before a voiced sound, anārabdha (अनारब्ध), would be, an action, a factor of an action, it would be. |
| 24.38 | अजातमनिरुद्धं च कूटश्थं च भविष्यति । विचित्राभिरवस्थाभिः स्वभावे रहितं जगत् ajātam aniruddhaṃ ca kūṭaśthaṃ ca bhaviṣyati / vicitrābhir avasthābhiḥ svabhāve rahitaṃ jagat ajāta (अजात), aniruddha (अनिरुद्ध) and, kūṭaśtha (कूटश्थ) and, will be, vicitrābhir (विचित्राभिर्), by means of avastha (अवस्थ), in an own-nature, rahita (रहित), the world. |
| 24.39 | असंप्राप्तस्य च प्राप्तिर् दुःखपर्यन्तकर्म च । सर्वक्लेशप्रहाणं च यद्यशून्यं न विद्यते asaṃprāptasya ca prāptir duḥkhaparyantakarma ca / sarvakleśaprahāṇaṃ ca yady aśūnyaṃ na vidyate Of asaṃprāpta (असंप्राप्त) and, what already follows, a compound: pain, paryanta (पर्यन्त), and action and, a compound: all, an affliction, and leaving and. |
| 24.40 | यः प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादं पश्यतीदं स पश्यति । दुःखं समुदयं चैव निरोधं मार्गमेव च yaḥ pratītyasamutpādaṃ paśyatīdaṃ sa paśyati / duḥkhaṃ samudayaṃ caiva nirodhaṃ mārgam eva ca Who, which, dependent arising, sees, this, he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant, sees, pain, samudaya (समुदय) and just, stilling, a path just and. |