2.14
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 2. Gatāgata (गतागत) / 2.14
गतं किं गम्यमानं किमगतं किं विकल्प्यते अदृश्यमान आरम्भे गमनस्यैव सर्वथा
gataṃ kiṃ gamyamānaṃ kim agataṃ kiṃ vikalpyate adṛśyamāna ārambhe gamanasyaiva sarvathā
The line
Gone, what, being gone over, what, not gone, what, in vikalpyata (विकल्प्यत), a compound: adṛśya (अदृश्य), and a measure, a means of knowing, in a making by parts, of going just, sarvatha (सर्वथ).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 2. Gatāgata (गतागत). What has gone and what has not gone. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: gataṃ (गतं) + kiṃ (किं) + gamyamānaṃ (गम्यमानं) + kim (किम्) + agataṃ (अगतं) + kiṃ (किं) + vikalpyate (विकल्प्यते) + adṛśya-māna (अदृश्य-मान) + ārambhe (आरम्भे) + gamanasya (गमनस्य) + eva (एव) + sarvathā (सर्वथा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| gataṃ (गतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | gone |
| kiṃ (किं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | what |
| gamyamānaṃ (गम्यमानं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | being gone over |
| kim (किम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | what |
| agataṃ (अगतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | not gone |
| kiṃ (किं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | what |
| vikalpyate (विकल्प्यते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | vikalpyata (विकल्प्यत) |
| adṛśya-māna (अदृश्य-मान) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: adṛśya (अदृश्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end |
| ārambhe (आरम्भे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a making by parts |
| gamanasya (गमनस्य) | genitive singular | going |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| sarvathā (सर्वथा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | sarvatha (सर्वथ) |
The phrases
gataṃ (गतं) is gone. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kiṃ (किं) is what. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. gamyamānaṃ (गम्यमानं) is being gone over. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kim (किम्) is what. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. agataṃ (अगतं) is not gone. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kiṃ (किं) is what. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
vikalpyate (विकल्प्यते) is vikalpyata (विकल्प्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. adṛśya-māna (अदृश्य-मान) is a compound: adṛśya (अदृश्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. ārambhe (आरम्भे) is a making by parts. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. gamanasya (गमनस्य) is going. It stands as genitive singular. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins it on as gamanasyaiva. sarvathā (सर्वथा) is sarvatha (सर्वथ). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular.
Sanskrit in this line
adṛśya-māna (अदृश्य-मान) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins it on as gamanasyaiva.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss gataṃ (गतं) and gamyamānaṃ (गम्यमानं).