4.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 4. Skandha (स्कन्ध) / 4.1
रूपकारणनिर्मुक्तं न रूपमुपलभ्यते रूपेणापि न निर्मुक्तं दृश्यते रूपकारणम्
rūpakāraṇanirmuktaṃ na rūpam upalabhyate rūpeṇāpi na nirmuktaṃ dṛśyate rūpakāraṇam
The line
A compound: a form, a cause, and nirmukta (निर्मुक्त), not a form, in upalabhyata (उपलभ्यत), by means of a form even, not nirmukta (निर्मुक्त), is seen, a compound: a form, and a cause.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 4. Skandha (स्कन्ध). The aggregates. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: rūpa-kāraṇa-nirmuktaṃ (रूप-कारण-निर्मुक्तं) + na (न) + rūpam (रूपम्) + upalabhyate (उपलभ्यते) + rūpeṇa (रूपेण) + api (अपि) + na (न) + nirmuktaṃ (निर्मुक्तं) + dṛśyate (दृश्यते) + rūpa-kāraṇam (रूप-कारणम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| rūpa-kāraṇa-nirmuktaṃ (रूप-कारण-निर्मुक्तं) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: a form, a cause, and nirmukta (निर्मुक्त). Read it from the end |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| rūpam (रूपम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a form |
| upalabhyate (उपलभ्यते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | upalabhyata (उपलभ्यत) |
| rūpeṇa (रूपेण) | instrumental singular | a form |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| nirmuktaṃ (निर्मुक्तं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | nirmukta (निर्मुक्त) |
| dṛśyate (दृश्यते) | present, third person singular | is seen |
| rūpa-kāraṇam (रूप-कारणम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: a form, and a cause. Read it from the end |
The phrases
rūpa-kāraṇa-nirmuktaṃ (रूप-कारण-निर्मुक्तं) is a compound: a form, a cause, and nirmukta (निर्मुक्त). Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. rūpam (रूपम्) is a form. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. upalabhyate (उपलभ्यते) is upalabhyata (उपलभ्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. rūpeṇa (रूपेण) is a form. It stands as instrumental singular.
api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins it on as rūpeṇāpi (रूपेणापि). na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. nirmuktaṃ (निर्मुक्तं) is nirmukta (निर्मुक्त). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. dṛśyate (दृश्यते) is is seen. It stands as present, third person singular. rūpa-kāraṇam (रूप-कारणम्) is a compound: a form, and a cause. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
rūpa-kāraṇa-nirmuktaṃ (रूप-कारण-निर्मुक्तं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins it on as rūpeṇāpi (रूपेणापि).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss rūpa-kāraṇa-nirmuktaṃ (रूप-कारण-निर्मुक्तं) and rūpam (रूपम्).