4.3
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 4. Skandha (स्कन्ध) / 4.3
रूपेण तु विनिर्मुक्तं यदि स्याद् रूपकारणमकार्यकं कारणं स्याद् नास्त्यकार्यं च कारणम्
rūpeṇa tu vinirmuktaṃ yadi syād rūpakāraṇam akāryakaṃ kāraṇaṃ syād nāsty akāryaṃ ca kāraṇam
The line
By means of a form but, freed from, if, it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound, a compound: a form, and a cause, akāryaka (अकार्यक), a cause, it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound, is not. nāsti (नास्ति) before a vowel, akārya (अकार्य) and, a cause.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 4. Skandha (स्कन्ध). The aggregates. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: rūpeṇa (रूपेण) + tu (तु) + vinirmuktaṃ (विनिर्मुक्तं) + yadi (यदि) + syād (स्याद्) + rūpa-kāraṇam (रूप-कारणम्) + akāryakaṃ (अकार्यकं) + kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) + syād (स्याद्) + nāsty (नास्त्य्) + akāryaṃ (अकार्यं) + ca (च) + kāraṇam (कारणम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| rūpeṇa (रूपेण) | instrumental singular | a form |
| tu (तु) | indeclinable | but, and now |
| vinirmuktaṃ (विनिर्मुक्तं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | freed from |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| syād (स्याद्) | optative, third person singular | it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound |
| rūpa-kāraṇam (रूप-कारणम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: a form, and a cause. Read it from the end |
| akāryakaṃ (अकार्यकं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | akāryaka (अकार्यक) |
| kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a cause |
| syād (स्याद्) | optative, third person singular | it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound |
| nāsty (नास्त्य्) | present, third person singular | is not. nāsti (नास्ति) before a vowel |
| akāryaṃ (अकार्यं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | akārya (अकार्य) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kāraṇam (कारणम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a cause |
The phrases
rūpeṇa (रूपेण) is a form. It stands as instrumental singular. tu (तु) is but, and now. It stands as indeclinable. vinirmuktaṃ (विनिर्मुक्तं) is freed from. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. syād (स्याद्) is it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound. It stands as optative, third person singular. rūpa-kāraṇam (रूप-कारणम्) is a compound: a form, and a cause. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. akāryakaṃ (अकार्यकं) is akāryaka (अकार्यक). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) is a cause. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. syād (स्याद्) is it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound. It stands as optative, third person singular. nāsty (नास्त्य्) is is not. nāsti (नास्ति) before a vowel. It stands as present, third person singular. akāryaṃ (अकार्यं) is akārya (अकार्य). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kāraṇam (कारणम्) is a cause. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
rūpa-kāraṇam (रूप-कारणम्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss rūpeṇa (रूपेण) and vinirmuktaṃ (विनिर्मुक्तं).