8.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 8. Karmakāraka (कर्मकारक) / 8.1
सद्भूतः कारकः कर्म सद्भूतं न करोत्ययम् कारको नाप्यसद्भूतः कर्मासद्भूतमीहते
sadbhūtaḥ kārakaḥ karma sadbhūtaṃ na karotyayam kārako nāpy asadbhūtaḥ karmāsadbhūtam īhate
The line
A compound: what is, and an element, a factor of an action, an action, a compound: what is, and an element, not karotyaya (करोत्यय), a factor of an action, not also, even. api before a vowel, asadbhūta (असद्भूत), karmāsadbhūta (कर्मासद्भूत), in īhata (ईहत).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 8. Karmakāraka (कर्मकारक). The act and the agent. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sad-bhūtaḥ (सद्-भूतः) + kārakaḥ (कारकः) + karma (कर्म) + sad-bhūtaṃ (सद्-भूतं) + na (न) + karotyayam (करोत्ययम्) + kārakaḥ (कारकः) + na (न) + apy (अप्य्) + asadbhūtaḥ (असद्भूतः) + karmāsadbhūtam (कर्मासद्भूतम्) + īhate (ईहते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sad-bhūtaḥ (सद्-भूतः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: what is, and an element. Read it from the end |
| kārakaḥ (कारकः) | nominative singular, masculine | a factor of an action |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | an action |
| sad-bhūtaṃ (सद्-भूतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: what is, and an element. Read it from the end |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| karotyayam (करोत्ययम्) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | karotyaya (करोत्यय) |
| kārakaḥ (कारकः) | nominative singular, masculine | a factor of an action |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| apy (अप्य्) | indeclinable | also, even. api before a vowel |
| asadbhūtaḥ (असद्भूतः) | nominative singular, masculine | asadbhūta (असद्भूत) |
| karmāsadbhūtam (कर्मासद्भूतम्) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | karmāsadbhūta (कर्मासद्भूत) |
| īhate (ईहते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | īhata (ईहत) |
The phrases
sad-bhūtaḥ (सद्-भूतः) is a compound: what is, and an element. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. kārakaḥ (कारकः) is a factor of an action. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. karma (कर्म) is an action. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. sad-bhūtaṃ (सद्-भूतं) is a compound: what is, and an element. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. karotyayam (करोत्ययम्) is karotyaya (करोत्यय). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
kārakaḥ (कारकः) is a factor of an action. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it kārako (कारको). na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. apy (अप्य्) is also, even. api before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as nāpy (नाप्य्). asadbhūtaḥ (असद्भूतः) is asadbhūta (असद्भूत). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. karmāsadbhūtam (कर्मासद्भूतम्) is karmāsadbhūta (कर्मासद्भूत). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. īhate (ईहते) is īhata (ईहत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
karmāsadbhūtam (कर्मासद्भूतम्) is accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line writes it kārako (कारको). The line joins them as nāpy (नाप्य्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sad-bhūtaḥ (सद्-भूतः) and kārakaḥ (कारकः).