12.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 12. Duḥkha (दुःख) / 12.1
स्वयं कृतं परकृतं द्वाभ्यां कृतमहेतुकम् दुःखमित्येक इच्छन्ति तच् च कार्यं न युज्यते
svayaṃ kṛtaṃ parakṛtaṃ dvābhyāṃ kṛtam ahetukam duḥkham ity eka icchanti tac ca kāryaṃ na yujyate
The line
By itself, oneself, done, a compound: another, the higher, and made, done, by means of two, done, ahetuka (अहेतुक), pain thus, one, in icchanta (इच्छन्त), that. tat before c and, an effect, not fits.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 12. Duḥkha (दुःख). Pain. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: svayaṃ (स्वयं) + kṛtaṃ (कृतं) + para-kṛtaṃ (पर-कृतं) + dvābhyāṃ (द्वाभ्यां) + kṛtam (कृतम्) + ahetukam (अहेतुकम्) + duḥkham (दुःखम्) + ity (इत्य्) + eka (एक) + icchanti (इच्छन्ति) + tac (तच्) + ca (च) + kāryaṃ (कार्यं) + na (न) + yujyate (युज्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| svayaṃ (स्वयं) | indeclinable | by itself, oneself |
| kṛtaṃ (कृतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | done |
| para-kṛtaṃ (पर-कृतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: another, the higher, and made, done. Read it from the end |
| dvābhyāṃ (द्वाभ्यां) | instrumental, dative, or ablative dual | two |
| kṛtam (कृतम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | done |
| ahetukam (अहेतुकम्) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | ahetuka (अहेतुक) |
| duḥkham (दुःखम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| ity (इत्य्) | indeclinable | thus. iti before a vowel |
| eka (एक) | the stem, as the line writes it | one |
| icchanti (इच्छन्ति) | locative singular, or nominative singular | icchanta (इच्छन्त) |
| tac (तच्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that. tat before c |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kāryaṃ (कार्यं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | an effect |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| yujyate (युज्यते) | present, third person singular | fits |
The phrases
svayaṃ (स्वयं) is by itself, oneself. It stands as indeclinable. kṛtaṃ (कृतं) is done. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. para-kṛtaṃ (पर-कृतं) is a compound: another, the higher, and made, done. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. dvābhyāṃ (द्वाभ्यां) is two. It stands as instrumental, dative, or ablative dual. kṛtam (कृतम्) is done. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ahetukam (अहेतुकम्) is ahetuka (अहेतुक). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. duḥkham (दुःखम्) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ity (इत्य्) is thus. iti before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable.
eka (एक) is one. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it. icchanti (इच्छन्ति) is icchanta (इच्छन्त). It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. tac (तच्) is that. tat before c. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kāryaṃ (कार्यं) is an effect. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. yujyate (युज्यते) is fits. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
para-kṛtaṃ (पर-कृतं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss svayaṃ (स्वयं) and kṛtaṃ (कृतं).