20.4
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री) / 20.4
हेतोश् च प्रत्ययानां च सामग्र्यां नास्ति चेत् फलम् हेतवः प्रत्ययाश् च स्युरहेतुप्रत्ययैः समाः
hetoś ca pratyayānāṃ ca sāmagryāṃ nāsti cet phalam hetavaḥ pratyayāś ca syur ahetupratyayaiḥ samāḥ
The line
If you say that of of a reason, from a reason and, of a condition and, of having the means complete, is not, then the fruit, hetava (हेतव), a condition and, they would be. syuḥ (स्युः) before a voiced sound, by means of a compound: ahetu (अहेतु), and a condition, an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an example back.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री). The collection of causes. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: hetoḥ (हेतोः) + ca (च) + pratyayānāṃ (प्रत्ययानां) + ca (च) + sāmagryāṃ (सामग्र्यां) + nāsti (नास्ति) + cet (चेत्) + phalam (फलम्) + hetavaḥ (हेतवः) + pratyayāḥ (प्रत्ययाः) + ca (च) + syur (स्युर्) + ahetu-pratyayaiḥ (अहेतु-प्रत्ययैः) + samāḥ (समाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetoḥ (हेतोः) | genitive or ablative singular | of a reason, from a reason |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| pratyayānāṃ (प्रत्ययानां) | genitive plural | a condition |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| sāmagryāṃ (सामग्र्यां) | genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine | having the means complete |
| nāsti (नास्ति) | present, third person singular | is not |
| cet (चेत्) | indeclinable | if you say, if |
| phalam (फलम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| hetavaḥ (हेतवः) | nominative singular, masculine | hetava (हेतव) |
| pratyayāḥ (प्रत्ययाः) | nominative plural | a condition |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| syur (स्युर्) | optative, third person plural | they would be. syuḥ (स्युः) before a voiced sound |
| ahetu-pratyayaiḥ (अहेतु-प्रत्ययैः) | instrumental plural | a compound: ahetu (अहेतु), and a condition. Read it from the end |
| samāḥ (समाः) | nominative plural | an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an example back |
The phrases
hetoḥ (हेतोः) is of a reason, from a reason. It stands as genitive or ablative singular. The line writes it hetoś (हेतोश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. pratyayānāṃ (प्रत्ययानां) is a condition. It stands as genitive plural. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. sāmagryāṃ (सामग्र्यां) is having the means complete. It stands as genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine. nāsti (नास्ति) is is not. It stands as present, third person singular. cet (चेत्) is if you say, if. It stands as indeclinable.
phalam (फलम्) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. hetavaḥ (हेतवः) is hetava (हेतव). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. pratyayāḥ (प्रत्ययाः) is a condition. It stands as nominative plural. The line writes it pratyayāś (प्रत्ययाश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. syur (स्युर्) is they would be. syuḥ (स्युः) before a voiced sound. It stands as optative, third person plural. ahetu-pratyayaiḥ (अहेतु-प्रत्ययैः) is a compound: ahetu (अहेतु), and a condition. Read it from the end. It stands as instrumental plural. samāḥ (समाः) is an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an example back. It stands as nominative plural.
Sanskrit in this line
ahetu-pratyayaiḥ (अहेतु-प्रत्ययैः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it hetoś (हेतोश्). The line writes it pratyayāś (प्रत्ययाश्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss hetoḥ (हेतोः) and pratyayānāṃ (प्रत्ययानां).