20.11
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री) / 20.11
अथावृतः फलेनासौ कतमज् जनयेत् फलम् न ह्यदृष्ट्वा न दृष्ट्वापि हेतुर् जनयते फलम्
athāvṛtaḥ phalenāsau katamaj janayet phalam na hy adṛṣṭvā na dṛṣṭvāpi hetur janayate phalam
The line
athāvṛta (अथावृत), phalenāsa (फलेनास), katamaj (कतमज्), a compound: a person, and yeta (येत), the fruit, not. adṛṣṭva (अदृष्ट्व), not in dṛṣṭvāpa (दृष्ट्वाप), a reason, produces, the fruit.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री). The collection of causes. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: athāvṛtaḥ (अथावृतः) + phalenāsau (फलेनासौ) + katamaj (कतमज्) + jana-yeta (जन-येत) + phalam (फलम्) + na (न) + hy (ह्य्) + adṛṣṭvā (अदृष्ट्वा) + na (न) + dṛṣṭvāpi (दृष्ट्वापि) + hetuḥ (हेतुः) + janayate (जनयते) + phalam (फलम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| athāvṛtaḥ (अथावृतः) | nominative singular, masculine | athāvṛta (अथावृत) |
| phalenāsau (फलेनासौ) | nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular | phalenāsa (फलेनास) |
| katamaj (कतमज्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| jana-yeta (जन-येत) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: a person, and yeta (येत). Read it from the end |
| phalam (फलम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| hy (ह्य्) | indeclinable | for, indeed. hi before a vowel |
| adṛṣṭvā (अदृष्ट्वा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | adṛṣṭva (अदृष्ट्व) |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| dṛṣṭvāpi (दृष्ट्वापि) | locative singular, or nominative singular | dṛṣṭvāpa (दृष्ट्वाप) |
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a reason |
| janayate (जनयते) | present, third person singular | produces |
| phalam (फलम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
The phrases
athāvṛtaḥ (अथावृतः) is athāvṛta (अथावृत). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. phalenāsau (फलेनासौ) is phalenāsa (फलेनास). It stands as nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular. katamaj (कतमज्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. jana-yeta (जन-येत) is a compound: a person, and yeta (येत). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. phalam (फलम्) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. hy (ह्य्) is for, indeed. hi before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable.
adṛṣṭvā (अदृष्ट्वा) is adṛṣṭva (अदृष्ट्व). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. dṛṣṭvāpi (दृष्ट्वापि) is dṛṣṭvāpa (दृष्ट्वाप). It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. hetuḥ (हेतुः) is a reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it hetur. janayate (जनयते) is produces. It stands as present, third person singular. phalam (फलम्) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
phalenāsau (फलेनासौ) is nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line writes it hetur.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss athāvṛtaḥ (अथावृतः) and phalenāsau (फलेनासौ).